The Library

Update #1: I’ve decided to turn this section into a library of scientific articles that are EXTREMELY relevant to our purpose. Almost all the articles have a link to the complete PDF file for the entire published paper. This is going to house some of the biggest collection of papers, books, articles, and magazine that we need.

Update #2: This post was originally entitled “10 Scientific Papers On The Human Growth Process And Mechanics The Reader Should Definitely Read“. As you can see, I’ve had to expand on this list by A LOT to house for any serious height increase researcher the tools they need or are looking for.

A Complete Collection Of All The “Height Increase” And “Grow Taller” Books

This will be another one of those posts which will eventually turn into a section/webpage of the website which will be occasionally edited and added upon. I was not aware of just how big and many books of this type there are. When I was first doing my research, I had no idea that there was this many books all devoted to this topic. The Primary source where I found this list of books was from the “Grow Taller Step” website store section (HERE).

If you want to try out your luck and buy one of the books from the links, then that is your choice. I am not promoting these books on Amazon, only to say that they do exist. The good news for you the website visitor is that a nice number of the books below are already uploaded to the “Downloads” section of this website for you to take for free.

[Note: These books are NOT in alphabetical order, yet]

  1. How to Get Taller – Grow Taller By 4 Inches In 8 Weeks, Even After Puberty! – David Taylor – (Amazon Link)
  2. How to Get Taller – The Complete Exercise Guide (Grow Taller) – David Taylor – (Amazon Link)
  3. How To Grow Taller: Guaranteed Increase Your Height Within 8 Weeks – Peter Douglas (Amazon Link)
  4. Growing Taller Secrets: Journey Into The World Of Human Growth And Development, or How To Grow Taller Naturally And Safely. Second Edition – Robert Grand (No Amazon Link)
  5. How to Naturally Increase your Height (Grow Taller Guide) – Russian Sports Authority (Amazon Link)
  6. How to Grow Taller — The Amazing Secrets to Quickly and Easily Grow Taller! — Get the Respect of Being Stronger, Confident, Taller and More Attractive Today! – Mike Summers (Amazon Link)
  7. Grow Taller book – Hayden Carter (Amazon Link)
  8. How Can I Grow Taller: Learn How To Increase Height And How To Grow Taller Naturally And Artificially. Height Increase Tips, How To Get Taller With Yoko And More. So Is There A Way To Get Taller? Yes! – Jared D. Carlson (Amazon Link)
  9. Increasing Height Through Exercise – Steven C. Cummings (Amazon Link)
  10. Increase Your Height – Krishna Gopal Vikal (No Amazon Link)
  11. Grow Taller – Statton, Burk, Cunningham Serrano
  12. How to Grow Taller “Master Secrets to Growing at Least 4 Inches in 2 Months! – Monica Heart (Amazon Link)
  13. This Tall Grow Taller and Taller – The Answer to the Fear of Height [In Japanese Language] – Aiyoshi Kawahata (Amazon Link)
  14. How To Grow Taller: A Comprehensive Guide And Revolutionary Exercise Program To Make You Grow – Kanwaljit Singh Kalsi (Amazon Link)
  15. Grow Taller Proven Insider Secret Tips and Techniques That Will Help You Grow (Body Image Solutions) – Dr. Jesus Serrano (Amazon Link)
  16. The Most Effective Way to Grow Taller (Chinese Edition) – Yang Shu Wen (No Amazon Link)
  17. Small Children, Children Grow Taller Quiz – SHI DING PING BIAN ZHU (Amazon Link)
  18. Children Naturally Grow Taller (Chinese Edition) – PU XIU SHENG CAO FANG (Amazon Link)
  19. How Quickly Children Grow Taller 10 cm (Chinese Edition) – GONG SUI (Amazon Link)
  20. You Will Grow Taller at 23 (Chinese Edition) – Jin Yang Xiu (Amazon Link)
  21. Natural Human Growing Taller Method (Modul) – Jorge Garcia (Amazon Link)
  22. Gaining Height Through Exercise : 100 Straightening and Stretching Exercises to Make You Grow – Pierre Berthelet (Amazon Link)
  23. How to Grow Taller Naturally with the Power of Your Mind – Joan M Rivera (No Amazon Link)
  24. Grow Taller Now – Unknown (No Amazon link, source link)
  25. How To Grow Taller, A Comprehensive Guide And Revolutionary Exercise Program To Make You Grow – Kanwaljit Singh Kalsi (source link)
  26. Maximize Your Height: Four Keys to Growing as Tall as Your Genetics Will Allow – Ben Kim (source link)
  27. Height Enhancement Bible

Medical, Clinical, Experimental, Professional, Textbook, Technical Books

  1. “A History of the Study of Human Growth” [Paperback] – Author: James Mourilyan Tanner (Amazon Link)
  2. “Absolute Ultimate Guide for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (Study Guide & Solutions Manual), 5th Ed.” (Softcover) – Author: David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox (Amazon Link)
  3. “Atlas of Human Anatomy (Netter Basic Science)” – Author: Frank H. Netter (Amazon Link)
  4. “Cancer Stem Cells Theories And Practice” – Author: Edited by Stanley Shostak, InTech, 429 pp; 19 MByte , ISBN 978-953-307-225-8 (source link) (Note: Free Full Text is the source link)
  5. “Embryonic Stem Cells – Recent Advances in Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine” – Author: Edited by Craig Atwood, ISBN 978-953-307-198-5, Hard cover, 410 pages, Publisher: InTech, Published: April 26, 2011 under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license (source link) (Note: Free Full Text is available for download at 23 MB through source link)
  6. “Endocrinology, 2-Volume Set: Adult and Pediatric, Expert Consult Premium Edition – Enhanced Online Features and Print, 6e (Endocrinology (deGroot))” [Hardcover] – Author: J. Larry Jameson MD PhD, Leslie J. De Groot MD (Amazon Link)
  7. “Endocrinology, An Integrated Approach” – Author: Stephen Nussey, Saffron Whitehead , 2001 – :Taylor & Francis, 358 pp, ISBN 9781859962527 (source link)
  8. “General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, 2nd edition” [Print Replica] [Kindle Edition] – Author: Janice Smith (Amazon Link)
  9. “Genetics: Analysis and Principles, 3rd Ed.” [Hardcover] – Author: Robert Brooker (Amazon Link)
  10. “Genetics: From Genes to Genomes (Hartwell, Genetics), 4th Ed. 2010″ [Hardcover] – Author: Leland Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael Goldberg, Ann Reynolds, Lee Silver (Amazon Link)
  11. “Gray’s Anatomy for Students” [Kindle Edition] – Author: Richard Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell (Amazon Link)
  12. “Greenspan’s Basic and Clinical Endocrinology, Ninth Edition (LANGE Clinical Medicine)” [Paperback] – Author: David Gardner, Dolores Shoback (Amazon Link)
  13. “Growth, Maturation and Body Composition: The Fels Longitudinal Study 1929-1991” [Hardcover] – Author: Alex F. Roche (Amazon Link)
  14. “Hand Bone Age, A Digital Atlas For Skeletal Maturity” – Author: Vicente Gilsanz, Osman Ritab (source link)
  15. “Human Body Size and the Laws of Scaling” – Author: editor is Thomas T. Samaras (source link)
  16. “Lehninger Principles Of Biochemistry & eBook, 5th Ed.” (Hardcover), Author – Albert Lehninger, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox  (Amazon Link)
  17. “Limb Lengthening And Reconstruction Surgery” – Author: S. Robert Rozbruch, M.D., Svetlana Ilizarov, M.D (Amazon Link)
  18. “Molecular Biology of the Cell , 5th Ed. [Hardcover]” – Author: Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter (Amazon Link)
  19. “Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia” [Paperback] – Author: Edited by Iustinus Tim Avery (Amazon Link)
  20. “Netter’s Concise Orthopaedic Anatomy, 2e (Netter Basic Science)” [Paperback] – Author: Jon C. Thompson MD (Amazon Link)
  21. “Organic Chemistry” [Print Replica] [Kindle Edition] – Author: Francis A Carey (Amazon Link)
  22. “Orthopedics of the Upper and Lower Limb” [Kindle Edition] – Author: (Amazon Link)
  23. “Pediatric Bone: Biology & Diseases” – Author: Francis H. Glorieux, John M. Pettifor, Harald Jüppner (source link)
  24. “Perspectives in Human Growth, Development and Maturation” [Paperback] – Author: Parasmani Dasgupta (Editor), Roland Hauspie (Editor) (Amazon Link)
  25. “Saltation and Stasis in Human Growth and Development: Evidence, Methods and Theory (Auxology)” [Paperback] – Author: Michelle Lampl (Editor) (Amazon Link)
  26. “School Of Height” – Author: A. S. Palko , Translated by Dr. Michael Yessis – $25 – Flexcart.com
  27. “The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Growth and Development” [Hardcover] – Author: Stanley J. Ulijaszek (Editor), Francis E. Johnston (Editor), Michael A. Preece (Editor), James Tanner (Foreword) (Amazon Link)
  28. “The Growth Plate (Biomedical and Health Research, 54)” – Editors: Irving M. Shapiro, Barbara Boyan, H. Clarke Anderson – $120 – Amazon Link
  29. “The Truth About Your Height – Exploring the Myths and Realities of Human Size and its effects on Health, Performance, Pollution and Survival” – Author: Thomas T. Samaras (source link)
  30. “Williams Textbook of Endocrinology: Expert Consult-Online and Print, 12e” [Hardcover] – Author: Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky MD, P. Reed MD Larsen, Henry M. Kronenberg MD (Amazon Link)

National Census Height Database Papers

Mean Body Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index, United States 1960–2002 (Advanced Data, For Vital And Health Statistics) Number 347, October 27, 2004

Height And Weight Of Adult Ages 18-74 Years By Socioeconomic And Geographic Variables, United States (Data from the National Health Survey, Series 11 Number. 224, Vital And Health Statistics)

Weight, Height, And Selected Body Dimensions Of Adults United States 1960-1962, Data from the National Health Survey, Series 11 Number 8, National Center For Health Statistics

E-Book Downloads

All of the downloads available are just stuff I have found across the internet. Some are PDFs and some are books. They are all FREE to take and download and use. If you see something that should not be posted here in violation of copyright laws, inform me and I will promptly take it down. All I ask is that you give a thanks for the postings. If you really like the webpage with the E-Products then you could make a donation to the cause.

Video, Mpeg, Audio, & MP3 Downloads

  • Grow Taller With Me Part I – Author: Zixia (Nicole) – Update Jan 10th, 2014 – At Zixia’s request I have decided to no longer allow for this file to be available. We respect most people’s right for privacy on the internet to protect their real, personal lives. 
  • Grow Taller WIth Me Part 2 – Author: Zixia (Nicole) – Update Jan 10th, 2014 – At Zixia’s request I have decided to no longer allow for this file to be available. We respect most people’s right for privacy on the internet to protect their real, personal lives.
  • Dr. Laura De Giorgio – Grow Taller Program (This program is over 340 MB so it is too large to upload to the website. There is 11 CD Mp3 files in it, around 10-30 MB in size for each one. If you want the entire program, you will have to email me )
  • Grow Taller 4 You Program – Author: Lance Ward (Inside the “Program” you will find 2 PDF Manuals and 5 Video files. Since the 5 Video files are too large to upload, I only uploaded the two manuals: Manual 1, Manual 2 – If you want the other 5 video files, you will have to email me)

Device, Techniques & Patents

Apparatus and method for invasive electrical stimulation of bone fractures – Eddie Adams (4602638)

Overview: An invasive electrical stimulation device includes a cathode an anode, each comprising a thin electrically conductive sheet having one exposed surface and the opposite surface covered with an insulation layer. A pair of insulated leads connect the cathode and anode to an implantable power pac which includes a source of electric power and an insulating encasement surrounding the same. The cathode may be equipped with a plurality of spaced-apart FM channel monitors which are electrically connected to an FM telemetry component within the power pac for transmitting signals indicative of the healing response of a fracture to electrical stimulation. A frequency modulated current regulator may be added to the power pac for adjusting the amperage in response to FM control signals from a remote transmitter or automatically by an implantable computer assisted device.

Automatic lengthening bone fixation device – Behrooz Akbarnia, et. al. (EP2244644 A1)

Overview: A bone fixation device adapted to be coupled to bone anchors that allows movement of rods to permit a screw-rod construct to lengthen in response to bone growth without necessitating post surgical installation adjustment of the device. The bone fixation device includes a locking mechanism that is operably associated with a housing to allow relative movement of a rod and a housing in a first direction and inhibiting relative movement of the rod and the housing in a second direction.

Bone and tissue lengthening device – R. Alan Spievack (EP0684793 B1)

Overview: A device for lengthening bone in a human or animal by incrementally extending the distance between discrete separated portions of the bone to permit continued bone growth between the separated portions comprising an intramedullary nail (4) having distal (6) and proximal (8) portions both of which are secured with the medullar canal of the bone. A hydraulic cylinder (2) comprises the proximal portion of the nail and a piston (9) comprises the distal portion of the nail. An implantable supply of operating fluid (30) communicates with the cylinder. A ratcheting mechanism (40), between the piston and cylinder, limits their relative movement. A shock absorber mechanism (52) permits limited lost motion between the piston and cylinder and ratcheting release mechanisms are employed to permit the piston and cylinder to reverse directions.

Combined tissue/bone growth stimulator and external fixation device – John C. Tepper, Richard M. Bryant (6678562)

Overview: A combined tissue/bone growth stimulator and external fixation device is provided to aid in the treatment of fractures, osteotomies, soft tissue injuries, and reconstructive surgery and to reduce the likelihood of complications. The tissue/bone growth stimulator apparatus includes an external fixation device for stabilization of a selected portion of a patient. The tissue/bone growth stimulator apparatus also includes an electrical circuit attached to and forming an integral component of the external fixation device and operable to generate an electrical drive signal. The tissue/bone growth stimulator apparatus also includes a cable adapted to connect the electrical drive signal to a stimulator portion operable to provide an electromagnetic field to stimulate the growth of bone and tissue at the selected portion of the patient and/or at other portions of the patient. More particularly, the electromagnetic field may be produced by directing a current through the external fixation…

Compact biomedical pulsed signal generator for bone tissue stimulation – James W. Kronberg (5217009)

Overview: An apparatus for stimulating bone tissue for stimulating bone growth or treating osteoporosis by applying directly to the skin of the patient an alternating current electrical signal comprising wave forms known to simulate the piezoelectric constituents in bone. The apparatus may, by moving a switch, stimulate bone growth or treat osteoporosis, as desired. Based on low-power CMOS technology and enclosed in a moisture-resistant case shaped to fit comfortably, two astable multivibrators produce the desired waveforms. The amplitude, pulse width and pulse frequency, and the subpulse width and subpulse frequency of the waveforms are adjustable. The apparatus, preferably powered by a standard 9-volt battery, includes signal amplitude sensors and warning signals indicate an output is being produced and the battery needs to be replaced.

Composition for increasing body height – Nakao, Kazuwa (EP1743653 A1)

Overview: This invention provides a composition for increasing a body height of a patient with short stature or an individual other than patients with short stature. More specifically, the invention provides: a composition for increasing the body height of an individual comprising a guanyl cyclase B (GC-B) activator as an active ingredient, the composition being to be administered to an individual free from FGFR3 abnormality; a method for increasing the body height of an individual free from FGFR3 abnormality which comprises activating GC-B; a method for screening an agent for increasing the body height of an individual which comprises selecting an agent for increasing the body height using GC-B activity as an indication; and a method for extending a cartilage bone free from FGFR3 abnormality which comprises activating GC-B in an individual.

Device for treating osteoporosis, hip and spine fractures and fusions with electric fields –  Carl T. Brighton et al. (7158835)

Overview: A technique and device for preventing and/or treating osteoporosis, hip and spine fractures, and/or spine fusions by incorporating at least one conductive coil (110) into a garment (90) adapted to be worn adjacent to the patient’s skin over a treatment area and applying an electrical signal to the coil effective to produce a magnetic flux the penetrates the treatment area so as to produce an electric field in the bones and the treatment area.

Electrical stimulation of articular chondrocytes – Carl T. Brighton (4487834)

Overview: Cell development in articular chondrocytes is enhanced by subjecting them to an alternating current field having a frequency of about 60/khz and a current density in the order of 30-40 .mu.amps/cm.sup.2

External bone fixation device – Bruce Henry Ide, Anthony Philip Pohl (EP0566561 A1)

Overview: This invention relates to external bone fixation devices used in the treatment of bone fractures and more specifically to a unilateral bone fixation device suitable for use in carrying out bone transport procedures and also bone lengthening procedures.

Human growth gene and short stature gene region. Therapeutic uses – Dr. Ercole Rao (EP1260228 A3)

Overview: Subject of the present invention is an isolated human nucleic acid molecule encoding polypeptides containing a homeobox domain of sixty amino acids having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and having regulating activity on human growth.

Three novel genes residing within the about 500kb short stature critical region on the X and Y chromosome were identified. At least one of these genes is responsible for the short stature phenotype. The cDNA corresponding to this gene may be used in diagnostic tools, and to further characterize the molecular basis for the short stature-phenotype. In addition, the identification of the gene product of the gene provides new means and methods for the development of superior therapies for short stature

Human growth hormone for treating children with abnormal short stature and kits and methods for diagnosing gs protein dysfunctions – Francis De Zegher (EP1370281 A2)

Overview: The present invention presents the use of human Growth Hormone for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of abnormal short stature, said short stature being characterized by a Gs protein pathway dysfunction. The invention further presents diagnostic methods and diagnostic kits for the determination of Gs pathway dysfunction.

Hyaluronan used in improvement of anti-oxidation and proliferation in chondrocytes – Huan-Ching Hsu et al (US 2008/0051367 A1)

Overview: The present invention relates to the use of hyaluronan in protecting chondrocytes against oxidative damages and further promoting their proliferation. Particularly, the present invention relates to the use of hyaluronan with a molecular weight of 600,000-1,200,000 Dalton in protecting chondrocytes against reactive oxygen damages and further promoting their proliferation.

Implantable bone growth stimulator –  Carl T. Brighton (4549547)

Overview: Disclosed is an implantable bone growth stimulator which needs no internal battery or large buffer capacitor. A receiving coil in a preferred embodiment, a ferrite core coil, receives RF energy from a transmitter external to the patient. The received RF energy is voltage doubled and rectified and provided to a constant current generator which in turn supplies a constant amount of current between implanted cathodes and an implanted anode. In preferred embodiments, the receiving coil, power supply, and cathodes are one unit which is located in place on an internal fixation device attached to the bones near the fracture site. In another embodiment, only the cathodes are located in the vicinity of the fracture site and the receiver coil voltage multiplier circuit and constant current source are located remote from the fracture site. Additionally, the internal fixation device in a preferred embodiment may have a plastic insert therein having one or more holes therethrough for the…

Implantable bone growth stimulator and method of operation – John H. Erickson, et. al (5441527)

Overview: A method for the therapeutic stimulation of bone growth of a bone site is disclosed comprising the steps of implanting first and second electrodes into the tissue near the base site. The electrodes are coupled to a bone growth stimulator which generates an alternating current.

Implantable bone-lengthening device –  James McCarthy (Publication number:US 2005/0234448 A1)

Overview: The invention relates to implantable bone-lengthening devices that are not placed intra-medullarily, but are placed extramedullarily, i.e., outside of the bones, but under the skin. The devices do not require exposed hardware (that leads to infection) or skin and muscle penetration from the pins (that cause pain), and produce minimal scarring from pin sites because the devices are placed under the skin of a patient using minimally invasive techniques. The devices may be designed with smooth contours to enable implantation using minimally invasive techniques. The devices may be actuated using an actuator that is externally or internally powered. In the case of external power, the devices may be powered remotely through high frequency transmission of power through the skin. Also included are bone-lengthening devices having fluid reservoirs and conduits for storing and delivering therapeutic fluids to treatment sites.

Increasing bone fracture resistance by repeated application of low magnitude forces resembling trauma forces – Gary S. Beaupre, Dennis R. Carter, Wilson C. Hayes (5752925)

Overview: The invention presents a method and device for increasing the fracture resistance of a bone tissue to a traumatic force. The method includes the step of selecting a nonphysiological impulse force having a location and direction resembling that of the traumatic force, but having a magnitude significantly smaller than the magnitude of the traumatic force. The impulse force is then repeatedly applied to the bone tissue, thereby stimulating the bone tissue to grow bone mass in critical areas where stresses from the traumatic force are largest. A device for applying the method includes an impulse force applicator for repeatedly applying the impulse force and a positioner for positioning the impulse force relative to the bone tissue.

Method and apparatus for cartilage growth stimulation –  Roger J. Talish et al (Patent number: 7108663)

Overview: The invention relates to apparatus and method for ultrasonically stimulating cartilage growth. The apparatus includes at least one ergonomically constructed ultrasonic transducer configured to cooperate with a placement module or strip for placement in proximity to an area where cartilage growth is desired. The apparatus also utilizes a portable, ergonomically constructed main operating unit constructed to fit within a pouch worn by the patient. In operation, at least one ultrasonic transducer positioned in proximity to an osteochondral site is excited for a predetermined period of time. To ensure that at least one ultrasonic transducer is properly positioned, and to insure compliance with a treatment protocol, a safety interlock is provided to prevent inadvertent excitation of the at least one ultrasonic transducer.

Method and apparatus for controlling the growth of cartilage – Abraham R. Liboff, Bruce R. McLeod, Stephen D. Smith (Patent number: 5067940)

Overview: An apparatus and method for regulating the growth of cartilage in vivo are provided. The apparatus includes a magnetic field generator and a magnetic field detector for producing a controlled, fluctuating, directionally oriented magnetic field parallel to a predetermined axis projecting through the target tissue. The field detector samples the magnetic flux density along the predetermined axis and provides a signal to a microprocessor which determines the average value of the flux density. The applied magnetic field is oscillated at predetermined frequencies to maintain a preselected ratio of frequency to average flux density. This ratio is maintained by adjusting the frequency of the fluctuating magnetic field and/or by adjusting the intensity of the applied magnetic field as the composite magnetic flux density changes in response to changes in the local magnetic field to which the target tissue is subjected. By maintaining these precise predetermined ratios of frequency to average…

Method for non-invasive electrical stimulation of epiphyseal plate growth – Carl T. Brighton

Overview: Epiphyseal growth plate stimulation in the bone of a living body is achieved by applying electrodes non-invasively to a body and supplying to said electrodes an AC signal in the range of about 2.5 to 15 volts peak-to-peak at a frequency of about 20-100 KHz.

Method for the promotion of growth, ingrowth and healing of bone tissue and the prevention of osteopenia by mechanical loading of the bone tissue – Kenneth J. McLeod, Clinton T. Rubin (5103806)

Overview: A method for preventing osteopenia, promoting bone tissue growth, ingrowth, and healing of bone tissue includes the step of applying a mechanical load to the bone tissue at a relatively low level on the order of between about 50 and about 500 microstrain, peak-to-peak, and at a relatively high frequency in the range of about 10 and about 50 hertz. Mechanical loading at such strain levels and such frequencies has been found to prevent bone loss and enhance new bone formation.

Method for treating cartilage related diseases –  Kai Yu et al (Patent number: 6713513)

Overview: The present invention relates to a method for preventing or treating of cartilage related diseases, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, articular cartilage damage, multiple chondritis, osteochondrosis, etc., which comprises administering an effective amount of calcium L-threonate to a subject in need of such prevention or treatment. It had been demonstrated by experiments that calcium L-threonate could improve significantly the positive expression percentage of collagen I mRNA in the chondrocyte and osteoblast, improved significantly the positive expression percentage of articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage, facilitated the growth of chondrocyte, increased the quantity of bone collagen, and promoted the formation of bone and cartilage matrix and the synthesis of proteoglycan. It could also promote the formation of bone nourishing blood vessels and improve the microcirculation of bone.

Method for treatment of non-union bone fractures by non-invasive electrical stimulation – Carl T. Brighton, Solomon R. Pollack (Patent number: 4535775)
Overview: Bone fractures previously considered incurable are healed non-invasively by applying to electrodes coupled to the skin of a living body in the vicinity of a bone fracture an alternating voltage having a wave form that is symmetrical with respect to the axis, a frequency in the range 20-100 KHz and a value in the range from about 2 to 10 volts peak to peak.
Overview: The invention relates to methods and articles of manufacture for treating short stature disorders related to the Short Stature Homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene which, in the human genome, is located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) on the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp22.3) and Y chromosome (Yp11.3). More particularly, the invention relates to methods for treating a SHOX gene disorder, other than Turner syndrome, due to deficiency of one copy (haploinsufficiency) of the SHOX gene, by administering a growth hormone, particularly by administering human growth hormone to a human subject with a SHOX gene disorder.
Methods for modulating chondrocyte proliferation using pulsing electric fields –  James W. Kronberg et al (US 2008/0039901 A1)
Overview: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating the growth, development and repair of cartilage, bone or other connective tissue. Devices and stimulus waveforms are provided to differentially modulate the behavior of chondrocytes, osteoblasts and other connective tissue cells to promote proliferation, differentiation, matrix formation or mineralization for in vitro or in vivo applications. Continuous-mode and pulse-burst-mode stimulation of cells with charge-balanced signals may be used. Cartilage, bone and other connective tissue growth is stimulated in part by nitric oxide release through electrical stimulation and may be modulated through co-administration of NO donors and NO synthase inhibitors. The methods and devices described are useful in promoting repair of bone fractures, cartilage and connective tissue repair as well as for engineering tissue for transplantation.
MODULATING BONE GROWTH IN TREATING SCOLIOSIS – Kieran Murphy (Patent application number: 20100221229)

Overview: The present specification provides, amongst other things, a method of treating scoliosis comprising delivering a therapeutically acceptable amount of a growth modulator to an epiphyseal growth plate to correct or compensate for disproportionate growth.

Novel cartilage cell proliferation and differentiation inducer – Yuriko Furuya, Hisataka Yasuda (EP2343087 A1)

Overview: This invention provides a method for administration of an effective amount of RANKL-binding molecules that act on prechondrocytes and/or mesenchymal stem cells, accelerate cartilage differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of such cells, enhance chondrocyte differentiation, and induce chondrocyte proliferation to induce chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation or increase cartilage matrix production and a pharmaceutical composition used for inducing chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation or increasing cartilage matrix production. The pharmaceutical composition used for treatment or prevention of a chondropathies comprises, as an active ingredient, a compound that acts on prechondrocytes and/or mesenchymal stem cells and induces at least one of the following: (a) acceleration of prechondrocyte and/or mesenchymal stem cell differentiation; (b) acceleration of prechondrocyte and/or mesenchymal stem cell proliferation; (c) acceleration of prechondrocyte and/or mesenchymal stem cell maturation; (d) enhancement of chondrocyte differentiation; (e) chondrocyte proliferation; and (f) increased production of the cartilage matrix.

Non-invasive method for in-vivo bone-growth stimulation –  Kenneth J. McLeod et al. (Patent number : 5376065)

Overview: A method and apparatus for preventing osteopenia, promoting bone tissue growth, ingrowth, and healing of bone tissue includes the step of and means for applying a mechanical load to the bone tissue at a relatively low level on the order of between about 50 and about 500 microstrain, peak-to-peak, and at a relatively high frequency in the range from about 10 and about 100 Hz. Mechanical loading at such strain levels and such frequencies has been found to prevent bone loss and enhance new bone formation.

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression using specific and selective electrical and electromagnetic signals – T. Carl Brighton (EP1643953 A2)

Overview: Methods and devices are provided for the targeted treatment of injured or diseased cartilage tissue that include generating specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals that generate fields optimized for reduction of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression and exposing cartilage tissue to the fields generated by specific and selective signals so as to regulate matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in such cartilage tissue. The resulting methods and devices are useful for the targeted treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage injury, cartilage defects, and tumor metastasis.

REGULATION OF STEM CELL GENE PRODUCTION WITH SPECIFIC AND SELECTIVE ELECTRIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS – Carl T. Brighton (US 2012/0149968 A1)

Overview: Methods and devices are described for the regulation of BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA in stem cells via capacitive coupling or inductive coupling of specific and selective electric and/or electromagnetic fields to the bone cells or other tissues containing the stem cells, where the specific and selective fields are generated by application of specific and selective signals to field generating devices disposed with respect to the stem cells so as to facilitate the treatment of diseased or injured bone and other tissues. The resulting methods and devices are useful for the targeted treatment of osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteonecrosis, fresh bone fractures, fractures at risk, nonunion, bone defects, spine fusion, and/or other conditions in which BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA and/or protein deficiencies in stem cells has been implicated.

REGULATION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA (TGF- ß) GENE EXPRESSION IN LIVING CELLS VIA THE APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC AND SELECTIVE ELECTRIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS – T. Carl Brighton (EP2024003 A1)

Overview: Methods and devices are described for the regulation of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)- βl, β2, and/or β3 protein gene expression in bone cells and other tissues via the capacitive coupling or inductive coupling of specific and selective electric fields to the bone cells or other tissues, where the specific and selective electric fields are generated by application of specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals to electrodes or one or more coils or other field generating device disposed with respect to the bone cells or other tissues so as to facilitate the treatment of diseased or injured bone and other tissues.

Regulation of type II collagen gene expression using specific and selective electrical and electromagnetic signals – Carl T. Brighton (RE41391)

Overview: Methods and devices for the regulation of type II collagen gene expression in cartilage cells via the application of specific and selective fields generated by specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals in the treatment of diseased or injured articular cartilage. By gene expression is meant the up regulation or down regulation of the process whereby specific portions (genes) of the human genome (DNA) are transcribed into mRNA and subsequently translated into protein. Methods and devices are provided for the targeted treatment of injured or diseased cartilage tissue that include generating specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals that generate specific and selective fields optimized for type II collagen gene expression and exposing cartilage tissue to the specific and selective fields generated by specific and selective signals so as to regulate type II collagen gene expression in such cartilage tissue. The resulting methods and devices are useful…

Resolution of aggrecan gene expression using specific and selective electrical and electromagnetic signals – T. Carl Brighton (EP1560553 A2)

Overview: Methods and devices for the regulation of aggrecan gene expression in cartilage cells via the application of fields generated by specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals in the treatment of diseased or injured articular cartilage. By gene expression is meant the up regulation or down regulation of the process whereby specific portions (genes) of the human genome (DNA) are transcribed into mRNA and subsequently translated into protein. Methods and devices are provided for the targeted treatment of injured or diseased cartilage tissue that include generating specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals that generate fields optimized for aggrecan gene expression and exposing cartilage tissue to the fields generated by specific and selective signals so as to regulate aggrecan gene expression in such cartilage tissue. The resulting methods and devices are useful for the targeted treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage injury, and cartilage defects.

System and method of up-regulating bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) gene expression in bone cells via the application of fields generated by specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals – Carl T Brighton (8017369)

Overview: Methods and devices are described for the regulation of bone morphogenetic protein gene expression in bone cells via the application of fields generated by specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals in the treatment of diseased or injured bone. By gene expression is meant the up-regulation or down-regulation of the process whereby specific portions (genes) of the human genome (DNA) are transcribed into mRNA and subsequently translated into protein. Methods and devices are provided for the targeted treatment of injured or diseased bone tissue that include generating specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals that generate fields optimized for increase of bone morphogenetic protein gene expression and exposing bone to the fields generated by specific and selective signals so as to regulate bone morphogenetic protein gene expression in such bone tissue. The resulting methods and devices are useful for the targeted treatment of bone fractures, fractures…

Therapeutic agent for cartilaginous diseases – Masahiro Iwamoto et al. (6756358)

Overview: The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for cartilaginous diseases, an accelerator for chondrocyte proliferation and an accelerator for proteoglycan production comprising HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) as an active component, and a treatment method for cartilaginous diseases of human or mammals comprising administering an effective amount of HGF. The active component HGF has an effect to promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and to promote the production of proteoglycan. Therefore, the therapeutic agent and accelerator of the present invention are useful for the prevention and treatment of various disorders caused by cartilaginous diseases.

Therapeutic method – Jillian Cornish, Reginald Ian Reid (EP1027027 A2)

Overview: This invention is directed to new therapeutic uses which involve the stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation. More particularly, it is directed to the use of amylin and adrenomedullin as agents which stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and which therefore have utility in the treatment of cartilage disorders and/or cartilage mediated bone growth.

Use of natriuretic peptides for the treatment of stature disorders related to the shox gene – Beate Haecker, Gudrun Rappold-Hoerbrand (EP1583554 A2)

Overview: The invention relates to the use of natriuretic peptides (ANP or BNP) for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of short stature in a subject being suspected of having a genetic defect in the human SHOX gene. Further, the invention relates to use of natriuretic peptides in combination with a growth protein and/or a SHOX protein for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of patients having a SHOX gene disorder. The invention also relates to the use of natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) in combination with a SHOX protein for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases. The invention also comprises an article of manufacture comprising packaging material and a pharmaceutical composition comprising natriuretic peptides.

Scientific Articles, Journal Publishings, Papers, Etc.

These are the PDF documents I have found which detail the human growth process and mechanics which I would highly advice the reader read to get a better understanding on what our research will eventually focus on later on in this website. As always just getting through the required texts and papers to reach full understanding is not enough. Just like in school where there was required textbooks and readings, there will also be included papers who are recommended as suggested reading for the reader to get a better understanding.

Note: As always the papers are listed in alphabetical order.

  1. “1,25-(OH)2D3 modulates growth plate chondrocytes via membrane receptor-mediated protein kinase C by a mechanism that involves changes in phospholipid metabolism and the action of arachidonic acid and PGE2.” – Author: Boyan BD, Sylvia VL, Dean DD, et. al. (source link)
  2. “24,25-(OH)(2)D(3) regulates cartilage and bone via autocrine and endocrine mechanisms.” – Author: Boyan BD, Sylvia VL, Dean DD, Schwartz Z. (source link)
  3. “A comparison of three cell types as potential candidates for intervertebral disc therapy: annulus fibrosus cells, chondrocytes, and bone marrow derived cells.” – Author: Kuh SU, Zhu Y, Li J, Tsai KJ, Fei Q, Hutton WC, Yoon TS. (source link)
  4. “A method of assessing skeletal maturity from radiographs” – Author: Roy M. Acheson (source link)
  5. “A novel growth-promoting factor derived from fetal bovine cartilage, chondromodulin II. Purification and amino acid sequence.” – Author: Hiraki Y, Inoue H, Kondo J, Kamizono A, Yoshitake Y, Shukunami C, Suzuki F. (source link)
  6. “A novel in vivo model to study endochondral bone formation; HIF-1alpha activation and BMP expression.” – Author: Emans PJ, Spaapen F, Surtel DA, et. al. (source link)
  7. “Accelerated Growth Plate Mineralization and Foreshortened Proximal Limb Bones in Fetuin-A Knockout Mice” – Author: Jong Seto, et. al. (source link)
  8. “Acceleration of regenerate ossification during distraction osteogenesis with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7.” – Author: Mizumoto Y, Moseley T, Drews M, Cooper VN 3rd, Reddi AH. (source link)
  9. “Activation of collagen type II expression in osteoarthritic and rheumatoid cartilage.” – Author: Aigner T, Stöss H, Weseloh G, Zeiler G, von der Mark K. (source link)
  10. “Adult mesenchymal stem cells and cell-based tissue engineering” – Author: Rocky S Tuan, Genevieve Boland and Richard Tuli (source link)
  11. “[Advance on repair of growth plate injury].” – Author: Wang J, Yang ZM. (source link)
  12. “ALK2 functions as a BMP type I receptor and induces Indian hedgehog in chondrocytes during skeletal development.” – Author: Zhang D, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ, Puzas JE, O’Keefe RJ. (source link)
  13. “Alterations of the growth plate in chronic renal failure.” – Author: Santos F, Carbajo-Pérez E, Rodríguez J, Fernández-Fuente M, Molinos I, Amil B, García E. (source link)
  14. “An electromagnetic compressive force by cell exciter stimulates chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.” – Author: Park SH, Sim WY, Park SW, Yang SS, Choi BH, Park SR, Park K, Min BH. (source link)
  15. “[Application of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) in delayed unions and non-unions].” – Author: Liu MQ, Guo X, Kuang SC, Wang SH, Rong GW. (source link)
  16. “APPLICATION OF NON-LINEAR ELASTIC WAVE SPECTROSCOPY (NEWS) TO IN VITRO DAMAGEASSESSMENT IN CORTICAL BONE” – Author: Marie Muller (source link)
  17. “Arachidonic acid directly mediates the rapid effects of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 via protein kinase C and indirectly through prostaglandin production in resting zone chondrocytes.” – Author: Schwartz Z, Sylvia VL, Curry D, Luna MH, Dean DD, Boyan BD. (source link)
  18. “Arms and the Man: The Problem of Symmetric Growth” – Author: (source link)
  19. “Articular cartilage collagen: an irreplaceable framework?” – Author: Eyre DR, Weis MA, Wu JJ. (source link)
  20. “Articular cartilage regeneration using periosteum.” – Author: O’Driscoll SW. (source link)
  21. “Assessment of epiphyseal plate allograft viability and function after ex vivo storage in University of Wisconsin Solution.” – Author: Ravindran S, Boyer MI, Martens E, Ntouvali H, McAlinden A. (source link)
  22. “Basic Science of Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis” – Author: Andrew D. Pearle, et. al. (source link)
  23. “Bioengineering and characterization of physeal transplant with physeal reconstruction potential.” Author: Lee KM, Cheng AS, Cheung WH, Lui PP, Ooi V, Fung KP, Leung PC, Leung KS (source link)
  24. “BIOPHYSICAL STIMULATION OF BONE FRACTURE REPAIR, REGENERATION AND REMODELLING” – Authors:  Edmund Y.S. Chao* and Nozomu Inoue (source link)
  25. “Biological repair of the degenerated intervertebral disc by the injection of growth factors.” – Author: Masuda K. (source link)
  26. “Biology Of Bone” (Powerpoint File .pdf) – Author: Dr. Mark A.Birch (source link)
  27. “BMP and Ihh/PTHrP signaling interact to coordinate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.” – Author: Minina E, Wenzel HM, Kreschel C, Karp S, Gaffield W, McMahon AP, Vortkamp A. (source link)
  28. “BMP-2 enhances TGF-beta3-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in alginate bead culture.” – Author: Shen B, Wei A, Tao H, Diwan AD, Ma DD. (source link)
  29. “BMP2, but not BMP4, is crucial for chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral bone development.” – Author: Shu B, et. al. (source link)
  30. “BMP-6 and BMPR-1a are up-regulated in the growth plate of the fractured tibia.” – Author: Fischerauer EE, et. al. (source link)
  31. “BMP-6 is an autocrine stimulator of chondrocyte differentiation.” – Author: Grimsrud CD, Romano PR, D’Souza M, Puzas JE, Reynolds PR, Rosier RN, O’Keefe RJ. (source link)
  32. “BMP signaling stimulates chondrocyte maturation and the expression of Indian hedgehog.” – Author: Grimsrud CD, Romano PR, D’Souza M, et. al. (source link)
  33. “Bone formation via cartilage models: the “borderline” chondrocyte.” – Author: Bianco P, Cancedda FD, Riminucci M, Cancedda R. (source link)
  34. “Bone Growth in Length and Width: The Yin and Yang of Bone Stability” – Author:  F. Rauch  (source link)
  35. “Bone morphogenetic protein-2 facilitates expression of chondrogenic, not osteogenic, phenotype of human intervertebral disc cells.” – Author: Kim DJ, Moon SH, Kim H, Kwon UH, Park MS, Han KJ, Hahn SB, Lee HM. (source link)
  36. “Bone morphogenetic protein 2 stimulates articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis in vivo but does not counteract interleukin-1alpha effects on proteoglycan synthesis and content.” – Author: Glansbeek HL, van Beuningen HM, Vitters EL, Morris EA, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB. (source link)
  37. “Bone quality and growth characteristics of growth plates following limb transplantation between animals of different ages – Results of an experimental study in male syngeneic rats” – Author: Hitesh N Modi,, et. al. (source link)
  38. “Bone regeneration and fracture healing. Experience with distraction osteogenesis model.” – Author: Richards M, Goulet JA, Weiss JA, Waanders NA, Schaffler MB, Goldstein SA. (source link)
  39. “Breaking bony bridges by physeal distraction. A new approach.” – Author: Canadell J, de Pablos J. (source link)
  40. “Brief exposure to high-dose transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances periosteal chondrogenesis in vitro: a preliminary report.” – Author: Miura Y, Parvizi J, Fitzsimmons JS, O’Driscoll SW. (source link)
  41. “Calcium citrate: a new biomaterial that can enhance bone formation in situ.” – Author: Li-Ming Wang, Wei Wang, Xiu-Cui Li, et. al. (source link)
  42. “Can TGF-beta1 and rhBMP-2 act in synergy to transform bone marrow stem cells to discogenic-type cells?” – Author: Kuh SU, Zhu Y, Li J, Tsai KJ, Fei Q, Hutton WC, Yoon ST. (source link)
  43. “Carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ) links thyroid hormone and Wnt signaling pathways in growth plate chondrocytes.” – Author: Wang L, Shao YY, Ballock RT. (source link)
  44. “Catch-up growth after hypothyroidism is caused by delayed growth plate senescence.” – Author: Marino R, Hegde A, Barnes KM, Schrier L, Emons JA, Nilsson O, Baron J. (source link)
  45. “Cellular mechanisms for methotrexate chemotherapy-induced bone growth defects.” – Author: Xian CJ, Cool JC, Scherer MA, Macsai CE, Fan C, Covino M, Foster BK. (source link)
  46. “Cervical vertebral bone age in girls.” – Author: Mito T, Sato K, Mitani H. (source link)
  47. “Changes in the tibial growth plates of chickens with thiram-induced dyschondroplasia.” – Author: Rath NC, Richards MP, Huff WE, Huff GR, Balog JM. (source link)
  48. “Chondrocyte allograft transplantation for damaged growth plate reconstruction.” – Author: Park JS, Ahn JI, Oh DI. (source link)
  49. “Chondrocyte injection in distraction epiphysiolysis (rabbit model).” – Author: Ahn JI, Erdin RA, Smith R, Canale ST, Hasty KA. (source link)
  50. “Chondrocytes and longitudinal bone growth: the development of tibial dyschondroplasia.” – Author: Farquharson C, Jefferies D. (source link)
  51. “Chondrogenic differentiation of bovine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in different hydrogels: influence of collagen type II extracellular matrix on MSC chondrogenesis.” – Author: Bosnakovski D, Mizuno M, Kim G, Takagi S, Okumura M, Fujinaga T. (source link)
  52. “Chondrogenic differentiation of bovine synovium: bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 and transforming growth factor beta1 induce the formation of different types of cartilaginous tissue.” – Author: Shintani N, Hunziker EB. (source link)
  53. “Chondrogenic differentiation of growth factor-stimulated precursor cells in cartilage repair tissue is associated with increased HIF-1alpha activity.” – Author: Gelse K, Mühle C, Knaup K, Swoboda B, Wiesener M, Hennig F, Olk A, Schneider H. (source link)
  54. “Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and its clinical applications.” Author: Lee JW, Kim YH, Kim SH, Han SH, Hahn SB. (source link)
  55. “Chondromodulin-I as a novel cartilage-specific growth-modulating factor.” – Author: Hiraki Y, Shukunami C. (source link)
  56. “Chondromodulin-I expression in the growth plate of young uremic rats.” – Author: Amil B, Fernandez-Fuente M, Molinos I, et. al. (source link)
  57. “Chondromodulin 1 stabilizes the chondrocyte phenotype and inhibits endochondral ossification of porcine cartilage repair tissue.” – Author: Klinger P, Surmann-Schmitt C, Brem M, et. al. (source link)
  58. “Chronologic age and skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist: is there a relationship?” – Author: Uysal T, Ramoglu SI, Basciftci FA, Sari Z. (source link)
  59. “Coculture of synovium-derived stem cells and nucleus pulposus cells in serum-free defined medium with supplementation of transforming growth factor-beta1: a potential application of tissue-specific stem cells in disc regeneration.” – Author: Chen S, Emery SE, Pei M. (source link)
  60. “Collagen of articular cartilage.” – Author: Eyre D. (source link)
  61. “Combination of transforming growth factor-beta2 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 enhances chondrogenesis from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.” – Author: Kim HJ, Im GI. (source link)
  62. “Combined effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-beta1 on periosteal mesenchymal cells during chondrogenesis in vitro.” – Author: Fukumoto T, Sperling JW, Sanyal A, Fitzsimmons JS, Reinholz GG, Conover CA, O’Driscoll SW. (source link)
  63. “Comparative review of growth factors for induction of three-dimensional in vitro chondrogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue.” – Author: Puetzer JL, Petitte JN, Loboa EG. (source link)
  64. “Comparative study of the ability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, periosteum, and adipose tissue in treatment of partial growth arrest in rabbit.” – Author: Hui JH, Li L, Teo YH, Ouyang HW, Lee EH. (source link)
  65. “Co-ordination of TGF-beta and FGF signaling pathways in bone organ cultures.” – Author: Mukherjee A, Dong SS, Clemens T, Alvarez J, Serra R. (source link)
  66. “CTGF/Hcs24, a hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product, stimulates proliferation and differentiation, but not hypertrophy of cultured articular chondrocytes.” – Author: Nishida T, Kubota S, Nakanishi T, Kuboki T, Yosimichi G, Kondo S, Takigawa M. (source link)
  67. “Cultured mesenchymal stem cell transfers in the treatment of partial growth arrest.” – Author: Chen F, Hui JH, Chan WK, Lee EH. (source link)
  68. “Cyclic hydrostatic pressure enhances the chondrogenic phenotype of human mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiated in vitro” – Author: Angele P, Yoo JU, Smith C, Mansour J, Jepsen KJ, Nerlich M, Johnstone B. (source link)
  69. “Cyclic, mechanical compression enhances chondrogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells in tissue engineering scaffolds.” – Author: Angele P, Schumann D, Angele M, et.al.(source link)
  70. “Daily or intermittent calcitriol administration during growth hormone therapy in rats with renal failure and advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism.” – Author: Sanchez CP, He YZ. (source link)
  71. “Delayed stimulatory effect of low-intensity shockwaves on human periosteal cells.” – Author: Tam KF, Cheung WH, Lee KM, Qin L, Leung KS. (source link)
  72. “Depletion of resting zone chondrocytes during growth plate senescence.” – Author: Schrier L, Ferns SP, Barnes KM, Emons JA, Newman EI, Nilsson O, Baron J. (source link)
  73. “Development and validation of new model for microvascular transplantation of epiphyseal plate allografts with minimal adjoining epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone.” – Author: Bray PW, Neligan PC, Bowen CV, Danska JS, Boyer MI. (source link)
  74. “Developmental regulation of the growth plate” – Author: Kronenberg HM. (Full Text not available, source link HERE)
  75. “Dexamethasone increases growth hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in liver and growth plate.” – Author: Heinrichs C, Yanovski JA, Roth AH, Yu YM, Domené HM, Yano K, Cutler GB Jr, Baron J. (source link)
  76. “[Dexamethasone up-regulates the expression of glucocorticoid receptor in growth plate and inhibits the longitudinal growth of bone: experiment with rats].” – Author: Zhang HF, Wang WP, Yang Y, Zhang YL, Pi YL, Tian XY, Jiang XF. (source link)
  77. “Diaphyseal bone formation in murine tibiae in response to knee loading.” – Author: Zhang P, Tanaka SM, Jiang H, Su M, Yokota H. (source link)
  78. “Differential effects of insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone on developmental stages of rat growth plate chondrocytes in vivo.” – Author: Hunziker EB, Wagner J, Zapf J. (source link)
  79. “Differential effects of local application of BMP-2 or TGF-beta 1 on both articular cartilage composition and osteophyte formation.” – Author: van Beuningen HM, Glansbeek HL, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB. (source link)
  80. “Differential regulation of growth plate chondrocytes by 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and 24R,25-(OH)2D3 involves cell-maturation-specific membrane-receptor-activated phospholipid metabolism.” – Author: Boyan BD, Sylvia VL, Dean DD, Del Toro F, Schwartz Z. (source link)
  81. “Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype in vitro: implications for cell-based transplantation therapy.” – Author: Risbud MV, Albert TJ, Guttapalli A, Vresilovic EJ, Hillibrand AS, Vaccaro AR, Shapiro IM. (source link)
  82. “Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted to a rabbit degenerative disc model: potential and limitations for stem cell therapy in disc regeneration.” – Author: Sakai D, Mochida J, Iwashina T, Watanabe T, Nakai T, Ando K, Hotta T. (source link)
  83. “Direct inhibition of Indian hedgehog expression by parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide and up-regulation by retinoic acid in growth plate chondrocyte cultures.” – Author: Yoshida E, Noshiro M, Kawamoto T, Tsutsumi S, Kuruta Y, Kato Y. (source link)
  84. “Distinct roles of type I bone morphogenetic protein receptors in the formation and differentiation of cartilage.” – Author: Zou H, Wieser R, Massagué J, Niswander L. (source link)
  85. “Distraction Osteogenesis and Its Challenges in Bone Regeneration” – Authors:  Reggie C. Hamdy, Juan S. Rendon and Maryam Tabrizian
  86. “Dual roles of Wnt signaling during chondrogenesis in the chicken limb.” – Author: Hartmann C, Tabin CJ. (source link)
  87. “Effect of extracorporeal shock waves on callus formation during bone lengthening.” – Author: Narasaki K, Shimizu H, Beppu M, Aoki H, Takagi M, Takashi M. (source link)
  88. “Effect of high-energy extracorporeal shock waves on the immature epiphysis in a rabbit model.” – Author: Ozturk H, Bulut O, Oztemur Z, Kaloglu C, Kol IO. (source link)
  89. “Effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation on gene expression and response to interleukin-1 in cultured articular chondrocytes.” – Author: Martin G, Andriamanalijaona R, Grässel S, Dreier R, Mathy-Hartert M, Bogdanowicz P, Boumédiene K, Henrotin Y, Bruckner P, Pujol JP. (source link)
  90. “Effect of IGF-I in the chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the presence or absence of TGF-beta signaling.” – Author: Longobardi L, O’Rear L, Aakula S, Johnstone B, Shimer K, Chytil A, Horton WA, Moses HL, Spagnoli A. (source link)
  91. “Effects of cyclic compressive loading on chondrogenesis of rabbit bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.” – Author: Huang CY, Hagar KL, Frost LE, Sun Y, Cheung HS. (source link)
  92. “Effects of distraction and compression on proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes. A study in rabbits.” – Author: Alberty A, Peltonen J, Ritsilä V. (source link)
  93. “Effects of estrogen on growth plate senescence and epiphyseal fusion.” – Author: Weise M, De-Levi S, Barnes KM, Gafni RI, Abad V, Baron J (source link)
  94. “Effects of mechanical factors on the fracture healing process.” – Author: Claes LE, et. al. (source link)
  95. “Effect of plant extract YGF on inducement of IGF-1” – Author: Cheol Seok Choi, et. al. (source link)
  96. “Effects of Jaoga-Yukmiwon(R), a Korean herbal medicine, on chondrocyte proliferation and longitudinal bone growth in adolescent male rats.” – Author: Leem K, Park SY, Lee DH, Boo YM, Cho KH, Lim J, Jeon H, Park HJ, Chung JH, Kim H.(source link)
  97. “Effects of timing of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on distraction osteogenesis.” – Author: Sakurakichi K, Tsuchiya H, Uehara K, Yamashiro T, Tomita K, Azuma Y. (source link)
  98. “Efficient chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells in micromass culture by retroviral gene transfer of BMP-2.” – Author: Carlberg AL, Pucci B, Rallapalli R, Tuan RS, Hall DJ. (source link)
  99. “Elbow loading promotes longitudinal bone growth of the ulna and the humerus” – Author: Ping Zhang, Hiroki Yokota (source link)
  100. “Endocrine Regulation of Longitudinal Bone Growth” – Author: Jan M. Wit,  Cecilia Camacho- Hübner (source link)
  101. “Endocrine regulation of the growth plate” – Author: Nilsson O, et. al. (source link)
  102. “Enhancement of bone formation with a synthetic matrix containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 by the addition of calcium citrate.” – Author: Wei Wang, Qingyu Chen, Xiucui Li, et. al. (source link)
  103. “Epiphyseal plate transplantation: an historical review.” – Author: Boyer MI, Bray PW, Bowen CV. (source link)
  104. “Epiphyseal plate transplantation between sites of different growth potential.” – Author: Glickman AM, Yang JP, Stevens DG, Bowen CV. (source link)
  105. “Estrogen deficiency leads to decrease in chondrocyte numbers in the rabbit growth plate.” – Author: Takano H, Aizawa T, Irie T, Kokubun S, Itoi E. (source link)
  106. “Estrogen Signaling in Growth Plate Cartilage” – Authors:  Elham Karimian & Lars Sävendahl
  107. “Evidence supporting dual, IGF-I-independent and IGF-I-dependent, roles for GH in promoting longitudinal bone growth.” – Author: Wang J, Zhou J, Cheng CM, Kopchick JJ, Bondy CA. (source link)
  108. “[Experimental and clinical research on repair of growth plate injury].” – Author: Wang J, Yang Z. (source link)
  109. “Exposure to pulsed low intensity ultrasound stimulates extracellular matrix metabolism of bovine intervertebral disc cells cultured in alginate beads.” – Author: Miyamoto K, An HS, Sah RL, Akeda K, Okuma M, Otten L, Thonar EJ, Masuda K. (source link)
  110. “Expression of bone morphogenic proteins and receptors at the injured growth plate cartilage in young rats.” – Author: Ngo TQ, Scherer MA, Zhou FH, Foster BK, Xian CJ. (source link)
  111. “Expression of bone-specific genes by hypertrophic chondrocytes: implication of the complex functions of the hypertrophic chondrocyte during endochondral bone development.” – Author: Gerstenfeld LC, Shapiro FD. (source link)
  112. “Expression of cartilage-specific functional matrix chondromodulin-I mRNA in rabbit growth plate chondrocytes and its responsiveness to growth stimuli in vitro.” – Author: Shukunami C, Hiraki Y. (source link)
  113. “Expression of Indian hedgehog, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and their receptors in the postnatal growth plate of the rat: evidence for a locally acting growth restraining feedback loop after birth.” – Author: van der Eerden BC, Karperien M, Gevers EF, Löwik CW, Wit JM. (source link)
  114. “Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors at the injured growth plate cartilage in young rats.” – Author: Zhou FH, Foster BK, Sander G, Xian CJ. (source link)
  115. “Expression of the cartilage derived anti-angiogenic factor chondromodulin-I decreases in the early stage of experimental osteoarthritis.” – Author: Hayami T, Funaki H, Yaoeda K, (source link)
  116. “Expression of type X collagen, Indian hedgehog and parathyroid hormone related-protein in normal and tibial dyschondroplastic chick growth plates.” – Author: Webster SV, Farquharson C, Jefferies D, Kwan AP. (source link)
  117. “Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for nonunion of the tibia.” – Author: Elster EA, Stojadinovic A, Forsberg J, Shawen S, Andersen RC, Schaden W. (source link)
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  156. “Indian Hedgehog coordinates endochondral bone growth and morphogenesis via Parathyroid Hormone related-Protein-dependent and -independent pathways” – Author: Seth J. Karp1, Ernestina Schipani, Benoit St-Jacques, Joy Hunzelman2, Henry Kronenberg, and Andrew P. McMahon1 (source link)
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