Growth Hormones Exert A Direct Stimulatory Effect On Epiphyseal Cartilage And Stimulates Longitudinal Bone Growth Directly

Me: I think it is time to put the questioning of whether the hGH in the human body directly stimulated the epiphyseal plate for longitudinal growth to be answered conclusively. It does.

From article 1…

We see that chondrocytes from the tested rat’s epiphyseal plates are removed and cultured using calf serum. The thing to note is that to make the condrocyte colonies one needs the serum. There is also a strong correlation in terms that the number of colonies formed is directly proportional to the concentration of the calf serum. Overall we see that we need all three factors of

  1. Number of initial seeded chondrocytes
  2. Have enough 10-15% newborn calf serum
  3. Having around 10-40 ng/ml of hGH
They will allow for the best formation of chondrocyte colonies. The researchers conclude that “These results show that GH potentiates colony formation in chondrocytes of the epiphyseal growth plate, providing further support for the contention that GH exert a direct stimulatory effect on epiphyseal cartilage and thus stimulates longitudinal bone growth directly.” also…”The finding that GH preferentially potentiated the formation of large size colonies suggests that GH promoted the differentiation of early proliferative chondrocytes or stem cell chondrocytes with an inherent high capacity to proliferate.” This seems to suggest that the GH also has two really big functions to progenitor cells and proliferative chondrocytes, first in differentiating the progenitor cells into chondrocytes and then in helping lead to to chondrocyte proliferation.

From article 2…

We see that both hGH and IGF-1 both lead to increased cloning efficiency. What is even more interesting is that IGF-1 when used after the pretreatment of the chondrocytes by GH lead to a far greater effect of cloning efficiency. The researchers concluded that …” The results of the present study show that pretreatment of hypophysectomized rats with GH, but not with IGF-I, promotes the formation of chondrocyte colonies and make the chondrocytes susceptible to IGF-I in vitro. The results suggest that GH induces colony formation by IGF-I-independent mechanisms and that IGF-I is a second effector in GH action as previously shown”

From article 3…

This study was designed to investigate whether growth hormone (GH) influences the expression of its own receptor in chondrocytes. To investigate this possibility GH-receptor mRNA was measured in cultured rat epiphyseal chondrocytes in the absence or presence of GH under various experimental conditions. The researchers concluded that “GH specifically regulates mRNA levels for its own receptor in rat epiphyseal chondrocytes by interacting with somatogenic binding sites. These findings also suggest a transcription-dependent regulatory system between the GH-receptor and the GH-receptor gene.”

Implications: It seems that GH can be used to cause cell colony formation and is the first hormone that is usually used to stimulate epiphyseal plate chondrocytes. THe IFG-1 pathway is independent of it’s pathway. It seems that the GH causes it’s own receptors to form by turning it’s own receptor genes on.

From PubMed article 1 link HERE…

Endocrinology. 1986 May;118(5):1843-8.

Growth hormone potentiates colony formation of epiphyseal chondrocytes in suspension culture.

Lindahl A, Isgaard J, Nilsson A, Isaksson OG.

Abstract

The effect of human GH (hGH) on colony formation of rat epiphyseal plate chondrocytes was studied in suspension culture. Chondrocytes were isolated enzymatically from epiphyseal plates of the proximal tibia of 28-day-old normal male rats, and were cultured in a suspension stabilized with 0.5% agarose. After approximately 7 days of culture in the presence of 10% newborn calf serum (NCS), chondrocyte colonies developed consisting of varying numbers of cells in matrix. No colonies developed in the absence of NCS, and the number of formed colonies was proportional to the concentration of NCS (5-20%) in the medium. hGH potentiated the formation of large size colonies (diameter greater than 90 microns) after a culture period of 10 or 14 days. The lowest effective concentration of hGH was 10 ng/ml, while 40 ng/ml hGH gave a maximal stimulatory effect (40-50%). Higher concentrations of hGH (80 and 160 ng/ml) showed reduced potentiation of colony formation. The stimulatory effect of hGH was expressed at 10-15% of NCS at 14 days of culture. There was a linear relation between the number of seeded cells and the number of colonies formed, both in the absence and presence of hGH. These results show that GH potentiates colony formation in chondrocytes of the epiphyseal growth plate, providing further support for the contention that GH exert a direct stimulatory effect on epiphyseal cartilage and thus stimulates longitudinal bone growth directly. The finding that GH preferentially potentiated the formation of large size colonies suggests that GH promoted the differentiation of early proliferative chondrocytes or stem cell chondrocytes with an inherent high capacity to proliferate.

PMID: 3698898     [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

From PubMed article 2 link HERE…

Endocrinology. 1987 Sep;121(3):1070-5.

Growth hormone in vivo potentiates the stimulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 in vitro on colony formation of epiphyseal chondrocytes isolated from hypophysectomized rats.

Lindahl A, Isgaard J, Isaksson OG.

Abstract

The effect of GH pretreatment in vivo on the colony formation of epiphyseal chondrocytes from hypophysectomized rats and the subsequent responsiveness to insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) was studied in vitro. Chondrocytes from epiphyseal growth plates of the proximal tibia of 36-day-old hypophysectomized rats were enzymatically isolated and cultured in suspension, stabilized with agarose (0.5%) in Ham’s F-12 medium and serum supplement. After 14 days the cultures were terminated and screened for cloning efficiency (number of colonies with a diameter greater than 56 microns/1000 seeded cells) and for distribution of cloning efficiency as a function of colony size. Pretreatment with human GH in vivo for 24 h (10 micrograms X 3) increased the cloning efficiency during the subsequent culture period (control, 1.5 +/- 0.1; human GH, 4.4 +/- 0.3). Addition of IGF-I to the chondrocyte cultures from control rats caused a slight increase in cloning efficiency (control, 1.5 +/- 0.1; IGF-I, 2.2 +/- 0.3) but caused a marked increase in chondrocyte cultures from GH-pretreated rats (control, 4.4 +/- 0.4; IGF-I, 8.2 +/- 0.9). The cloning efficiency was increased 12 and 24 h, but not 4 h, after start of GH-treatment in vivo. The increased responsiveness to IGF-I in vivo showed a similar time course after GH pretreatment. The distribution of cloning efficiency was altered in cultures of chondrocytes isolated from the GH-pretreated rats; large colonies were overrepresented in the GH-treated group. Colonies with a diameter exceeding 180 microns were only seen in cultures of chondrocytes isolated from the GH-pretreated animals. Addition of IGF-I in vitro did not alter the distribution of cloning efficiency, but increased the mean colony size of all colonies. Pretreatment of the rats with two different doses of IGF-I in vivo for 24 h (5 micrograms X 3 or 50 micrograms X 3) had a slight stimulatory effect on subsequent colony formation, but no potentiation of IGF-I in vitro was demonstrated. The results of the present study show that pretreatment of hypophysectomized rats with GH, but not with IGF-I, promotes the formation of chondrocyte colonies and make the chondrocytes susceptible to IGF-I in vitro. The results suggest that GH induces colony formation by IGF-I-independent mechanisms and that IGF-I is a second effector in GH action as previously shown for cultured 3T3-preadipose cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID: 3622376    [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
From PubMed article 3 link HERE…

Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1990 May 7;70(3):237-46.

Growth hormone regulation of the growth hormone receptor mRNA in cultured rat epiphyseal chondrocytes.

Nilsson A, Carlsson B, Mathews L, Isaksson OG.

Source

Department of Physiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate whether growth hormone (GH) influences the expression of its own receptor in chondrocytes. To investigate this possibility GH-receptor mRNA was measured in cultured rat epiphyseal chondrocytes in the absence or presence of GH under various experimental conditions. Chondrocytes were isolated enzymatically from epiphyseal growth plates of the proximal tibia of 20-day-old male rats and cultured in monolayer in Ham’s F-12 medium supplemented with 10% calf serum and 1% of a serum substitute. The cells were seeded at various densities (100,000-1,000,000 cells per flask) and cultured for 14 days. Subsequently, the calf serum-containing medium and the cells cultured for various periods of time (0-24 h) before total nucleic acid preparation. GH-receptor mRNA was measured with a solution hybridization technique using [35S]UTP-labeled RNA growth hormone receptor cloned from rat liver cDNA. Human GH (hGH; 50 ng/ml) increased GH-receptor mRNA after 3 h and maximal levels were seen 12 h after GH addition. This effect of hGH was time and dose dependent with a significant effect of hGH at a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml and a maximal effect at 50 ng/ml. The hGH-stimulated increase of GH-receptor mRNA was completely blocked by actinomycin-C1 (1.0-0.1 micrograms/ml), while cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml) only slightly counteracted the hGH effect. Rat and human GH were equally potent, and ovine prolactin was effective at 500 ng/ml but not 5 and 50 ng/ml. A high dose of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; 1 microgram/ml) caused a small stimulatory effect and addition of 10% calf serum caused a marked increase in GH-receptor mRNA. The level of GH receptor mRNA after 14 days of culture was inversely proportional to the cell density at the start of culture. These results show that GH specifically regulates mRNA levels for its own receptor in rat epiphyseal chondrocytes by interacting with somatogenic binding sites. These findings also suggest a transcription-dependent regulatory system between the GH-receptor and the GH-receptor gene.

PMID: 1694505    [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Epiphyseal Plate Transplantation Through Vascularization (Breakthrough!)

Me: This is one of those posts that puts ideas into one’s head on what is possible biomedically. The study shows that one can transplant epiphyseal plates into host bodies as long as it is kept vascularized. The term vascularized just means that it has blood vessels going in and out of it keeping it feed with incoming nutrients and has a way to remove the waste. One big question I have had since reading Dr. Brighton’s detailed description of the plates was exactly how the blood vessels are distributed along the layers of the plate. We know that the resting zone is the most critical since it is where everything starts and is also the true determining area for how much longitudinal growth is possible. It also has at least 2 growth factors which determine the chondrocytes to start stacking in columns when they get to the proliferative zone.

There was 4 ways the researchers were testing to see the longitudinal growth.

  1. Serial roentgenograms – a time distribution of photographs made with x-rays
  2. Histological examination – using microscope to analyze the cells
  3. Fluorescent bone-labeling – sounds just like what it is
  4. Microangiography – Radiography of the minute blood vessels of an organ obtained by injection of a contrast medium and enlargement of the resulting radiograph

Implications: This study has proved that growth plate transplantation is completely possible, as long as you keep the chondrocytes fed through vascularization.

From PubMed study link HERE… (For a copy of the Full Text PDF click HERE)

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984 Dec;66(9):1421-30.

Free microvascular epiphyseal-plate transplantation. An experimental study in dogs.

Nettelblad H, Randolph MA, Weiland AJ.

Abstract

To evaluate the feasibility of transplanting vascularized epiphyseal plates while maintaining normal growth in the recipient site, twenty-two puppies from known, large breeds were divided into one control and three experimental groups of four animals each and one long-term group of six animals. The control group underwent insertion of a radiopaque marker in the fibular metaphysis bilaterally, and, in addition, a fibular osteotomy was performed on one side. In the experimental groups, a fibular switch was carried out, selecting one fibula as a vascularized graft and the other as a non-vascularized graft. Both the controls and the experimental groups were evaluated using serial roentgenograms, histological examination, fluorescent bone-labeling, and microangiography. One week, six weeks, three months, and seven months postoperatively, animals from each group were killed. Continuous growth was observed in the vascularized epiphyseal transplants and in the controls, with no statistical difference noted, whereas the non-vascularized transplants exhibited considerably less or no growth. Vascularized transplants demonstrated an average 21.2-millimeter increase in length while non-vascularized transplants showed a 6.6-millimeter increase. Histological examination, fluorochrome bone-labeling, and microangiography confirmed the continued viability of the vascularized epiphyseal transplants in contrast to the non-vascularized transplants.

PMID: 6501338    [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Former Tallest Women In The World Yao Defen Died

I was not aware of this news until a few minutes ago. I am a frequent visitor to the site TheTallestMan.com and I found out from visiting the forum that the tallest female in the world had died about a week ago at the age of 41 from some “acute ailment” as the posters claimed (source HERE).

I got the news from this story article HERE. I can’t read Chinese but the people at the Tallest Man website confirmed her passing.

This for me is really, really sad news because I really felt her pain from seeing how her life was going in recent years being subjected to brain surgery. I was able to look past her face and I realized that if you can look past the Acromegaly enhanced face features, she was a very beautiful women. The pictures of her when she was younger showed that she was very pretty.

It just goes to show you that sometimes being tall is not a good thing but can lead to great misery and pain. If we going to chase this dream for increased height, I hope we are chasing for this dream for the right reasons.

As for who can claim the title of “World’s Tallest Women” now we see that Margo Dydek passed away in recent years. So the title goes to either Maria Feliciana dos Santos or Sun Fang. I’d think Maria is probably 1 inch taller from the listings on the website.

Natural Height Growth Podcast, Episode 1: My Personal Story And Research

Finally, Finally, I have managed to get the 1st podcast up. It should only get easier from here since they always say that for almost everything, the first time is always the hardest, when it comes to learning any new skill or activity. For me this process of putting up a podcast series for this website has been a huge learning experience dealing with all types of challenges including learning about new hardware considerations, software issues, buying new services, and many other things.

For the last 2 weeks I have been putting a few hours in every other day to figure out how to get the first podcast episode up. Now it has been done! Woo hoo!!

Episode #1: My Personal Story And Research

For the first one, it is where I introduce myself and explain my story, where I come from, why I am doing this project. I then explain the few areas of research which seems the most promising.

Forgive me for my lags in the beginning a little. I got a little nervous putting this episode up and I felt my voice tonality change a little and I often stopped to think about what to say next sometimes but I finished it and got it done. And execution is what matters most. It will only get better from this point on.

Note: I am still having difficulty putting this episode on itunes because of a .jpg issue. That will be done within a few days though once I get that figured out.

Click Here to Subscribe via iTunes and/or leave a review for the podcast!

Length of time: 16 mins

Listen Here – (to download, right click and click ‘save’)

Mind Hack XVII: Decode Patterns Of Success With Cal Newport At Study Hacks

Something that I have been getting more interested in recent years is in the possible ways to increase one’s cognitive abilities. For this mind hacks edition, I present to the readers the writings and thinking of Cal Newport.

I was originally informed of Cal’s blog and books by Ramit Sethi on a webinar interview he did with Tim Ferris. Cal’s blog is Study Hacks – Decoding Patterns of Success. His website is at calnewport.com .

As he states on his “about” section….

What is Study Hacks?

Study Hacks was launched in the summer 2007 by me (aka., Cal Newport). At the time I was a computer science PhD candidate at MIT. Now I’m an assistant professor at Georgetown University.

I’m interested in why some people end up leading successful, enjoyable, meaningful lives, while so many others do not. Being a geek, I’m not satisfied with simplistic slogans (e.g., “follow your passion!”) or conventional wisdom (e.g., student success requires stress). Instead, I dive deeper, looking to decode underlying patterns of success.

When I started this project, I was a student. Therefore, much of my early writing concerns the patterns of success followed by remarkable students. I reject the idea that doing well in school requires stressful overwork, and instead promote a philosophy of simplicity: do less, but do what you do much better.

During this period I also wrote three books on my student philosophy: How to Be a High School Superstar (Random House, 2010), How to Become a Straight-A Student (Random House, 2006) and How to Win at College (Random House, 2005).

Over 125,000 copies of these books are currently in print, so people must be finding them useful.

Recently, as I’ve moved beyond my student years, I’ve turned more of my attention toward decoding patterns of success in the working world.  In September 2012, my new book on this topic, So Good They Can’t Ignore You (Hachette/Grand Central), was published. It lays out my case for why “follow your passion” is a dangerous suggestion and then chronicles my quest to figure out what works instead.

Me: What makes him a little more different in thinking than most self help, mind enhancing, blogs out there is his training. He went to MIT to study Computer Science, he is an assistant professor at Georgetown University. He tries to breakdown the process of “success” to figure out why some people become successful and how other people can learn from these already successful people and emulate their results. As he states very clearly in his profile section “…Instead, I dive deeper, looking to decode underlying patterns of success, in all their nuanced glory.”

So far he has written three books, one of which I have bought.

The book I bought main thesis is that the commonly quoted phrase “Follow your passion” is horrible advice to give to people and for people to take. They should instead focus on what they are good at and try to hone their skills for competence. So far, the book is on my iphone4s as an audio book for about $24. Since I live a mobile lifestyle I try to have minimal things and be “light” so I carry few actual real books to read. The audio book saves in terms of energy lugging that book around, paper thus saving the trees, and effort since the transmission and consumption of the information is convenient. I highly recommend to most people that they try to get audio books since it saves on so many forms of resources. As always, those links above are Amazon Associate Links so the site will be getting a commision if you guy anything from the Amazon using the link.
I may no longer be in a formal school listening to lecturers teach but I know that I will definitely buy his other two books when I go back to graduate school. It will help make me more productive and effectives in my work quality and quantity.
For a sample of his writings, one the most read posts entitled “Beyond Passion: The Science of Loving What You Do“. His main point is this “I argued that mastering a rare and valuable skill is the key to generating a remarkable life — much more important than following your “passions” or matching your career (or academic major) to your personality.“

Cervical And Spinal Stim – Noninvasive Pulsed Electromagnetic Bone Growth Stimulator By Orthofix

 [Note: On the Orthofix website there is a very similar product to the Cervical Stim called the Spinal Stim. However for this post, I will be primarily talking about the Cervical Stim Product]

Analysis & Interpretation:

The two products being sold, the Cervical Stim and the Spinal Stim operate on the same pulse electromagnetic field theory (PEMF) as the products we have seen before with other products which are supposed to be easily worn and cause accelerated bone non-union healing. There are a few PubMed studies cited which show that the pulsed electromagnetic fields generated can increase the mTOR level and increase osteogenic activity. The science is weak in proof and there are not enough studies done to show that E&M fields really cause faster bone healing, except from studies done in the 30s and 40s of the last century. The devices are easy to wear and comfortable but slightly on the expensive side.

Implications For Height Increase

While the cervical stim is supposed to be worn around the neck touching the cervical vertebrate, the spinal stim is supposed to be worn around the torso touching the thoracic vertebrates. Each can possible lead to some increased vertebrate lengthening if there is really a fracture in the vertebrate in the right direction. However the increase in any possible height would be negligible since the healing if it does cause accelerated bone growth and spinal fusion would cause the vertebrate to be slightly curved from one side of the vertebrate being having more bone thus stunting whatever few millimeters of height increase the device can give to that one side.

For the Cervical Stim product main page HERE…

cervicalProduct Description

Cervical-Stim® offers the security of proven, safe and effective bone growth stimulation to significantly increase the rate of cervical fusion success in high-risk patients.

It offers the comfort of an external device that patients tell us is the most effortless treatment they have ever experienced. Not to mention the comfort enjoyed with improved clinical outcomes: In a PMA study of 323 high-risk ACDF patients, 84% achieved fusion within six months using Cervical-Stim vs. 69% for those who did not receive treatment. Additionally, the data from this study prove for the first time that fusion has a positive effect on VAS and NDI clinical outcomes after ACDF.

Since 1990, more than 200,000 spine fusion patients have healed with bone growth stimulation from Orthofix. We brought you the first and most effective external bone growth stimulator for lumbar fusion, and now offer you the only FDA approved device to increase the rate of cervical fusion success.

  • Comfortably worn during daily activities, with or without a cervical brace, four hours per day
  • Proven to overcome risk factors for nonfusion
  • Next generation design with smart technology and patient friendly functionality

Indication

The Cervical-Stim is a noninvasive, pulsed electromagnet bone growth stimulator indicated as an adjunct to cervical fusion surgery in patients at high risk for nonfusion.

Physician Benefits

  • Safe and effective bone growth stimulation to significantly increase the rate of cervical fusion success in high-risk patients
  • Smart technology can provide outcomes reports and hardcopy patient compliance monitoring
  • Written guarantee for bone growth stimulation products
  • The only FDA approved bone growth stimulator for cervical fusion
  • Patient friendly, comfortably worn during daily activities with or with a cervical brace, four hours per day

Clinical References:

  • Exposure of Murine Cells to Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Rapidly Activates the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Patterson T et al. Bioelectromagnetics 27: 535-544, 2006. Science Sheet (PDF 174KB)
  • Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Rapidly Modulate Intracellular Signaling Events in Osteoblastic Cells: Comparison to Parathyroid Hormone and Insulin. Schnoke Matthew and Ronald J Midura. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 933-940, July 2007. Science Sheet (PDF 211KB)
  • Effects of BMP-2 and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) on Rat Primary Osteoblastic Cell Proliferation and Gene Expression. Selvamurugan N et al.Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1213-1220, Sep 2007. Science Sheet (PDF 129KB)
  • Randomized, Prospective, and Controlled Clinical Trial of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation for Cervical Fusion. Foley Kevin T et al. The Spine Journal 8: 436-442, 2008.

Patient Benefits

  • Lightweight, all-in-one unit allows unrestricted patient mobility – no separate cables, control units or battery packs
  • Comfortably worn around the neck, with or without a cervical brace, four hours per day
  • Patient friendly functionality: Instant information panel with LCDs for ongoing operational status
  • Easy buckle for on/off
  • Designed for more flexibility and comfort
  • Internal countdown shuts off automatically when daily treatment is complete
  • Normally poses no issues when traveling through airport security (user should bring product manual with their PEMF device and turn the device off if it must be put through an airport x-ray scan.)

Contraindications

There are no known contraindications for the Cervical-Stim as an adjunct to cervical spine fusion surgery.

Warnings

  • The Cervical-Stim may interfere with the operation of a cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator. Consultation with the attending cardiologist is recommended
  • The Cervical-Stim should be removed prior to any imaging procedures (e.g., CT scan, MRI, etc.)

Precautions

  • The Cervical-Stim should not be used if there are mental or physical conditions that may preclude compliance with physician or device instructions
  • The Cervical-Stim has not been evaluated in treating patients with the following conditions: osseous or ligamentous spinal trauma, spondylitis, Paget’s disease, moderate to severe osteoporosis, metastatic cancer, renal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, patients prone to vascular migraine headache, seizure, epilepsy, thyroid conditions or neurological diseases
  • Animal teratological studies performed with this device did not show any adverse effects in animals. However, the safety of this device for use on patients who are pregnant or nursing has not been established

Footnotes

  1. Results from Orthofix Inc. PMA Randomized, Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation for Cervical Fusion, 2004.
  2. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Correlation of Fusion Status with Clinical Outcome, Kevin Foley, M.D., Neurosurgery. Presented at the NASS 20th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA

For the Spinal Stim product main page HERE…

spinalstimProduct Description

Spinal-Stim delivers the highest success rates in bone growth stimulation for spine fusion and nonoperative salvage. In fact, 92% of patients receiving Spinal-Stim adjunctively have achieved fusion success1. When treating failed fusion with Spinal-Stim, 67% of patients achieve successful fusion with no additional surgery. Spinal-Stim offers:

  • Proven Field Coverage
  • Risk Factor Coverage
  • Guarantee Program
  • Insurance Acceptance
  • FDA Approved Models for Both Cervical and Lumbar Spine

Indication

The Spinal-Stim is a noninvasive electromagnetic bone growth stimulator indicated as a spinal fusion adjunct to increase the probability of fusion success and as a nonoperative treatment of salvage of failed spinal fusion, where a minimum of nine months has elapsed since the last surgery.

Physician Benefits

  • Proven Field Coverage
  • Risk Factor Coverage
  • Guarantee Program
  • Insurance Acceptance
  • Smart technology can provide outcomes analysis and hardcopy patient compliance monitoring

Footnotes

  1. Spinal-Stim Summary of Safety and Effectiveness. P850007/S6. February 7, 1990. One-Year Postoperative Pre-Marketing Data From Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
  2. Spinal-Stim Summary of Safety and Effectiveness. P850007/S6. February 7, 1990. One Year Follow-up, Pre-Marketing Data, Open Trial, Pseudoarthrosis Stratum Clinical Study.

Patient Benefits

  • Lightweight, all-in-one unit allows unrestricted patient mobility – no separate cables, control units or battery packs
  • Comfortably worn with or without a brace, two hours per day
  • Patient friendly functionality: Instant information panel with LCDs for ongoing operational status
  • Easy buckle for on/off
  • Designed for more flexibility and comfort
  • Internal countdown shuts off automatically when daily treatment is complete
  • Normally poses no issues when traveling through airport security (user should bring product manual with their PEMF device and turn the device off if it must be put through an airport x-ray scan.)