Cyclic Mechanical Shear Compression Induces Progenitor Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards Chondrogenesis – Breakthrough!

I wanted to make one last, final extremely detailed post on the subject on what Tyler has been promoting for more than half a decade, which he has termed the Lateral Synovial Joint Loading Technique for lengthening long bones. This will be the last large post I ever intend to do since there is just too many areas of medical fields I would still need to touch and look into.

There seems to be new studies and evidence I’ve found which gives credibility to his claims. I interviewed Tyler almost more than a year ago for the 2nd podcast episode (Available Here), before he joined the website, about how he discovered and tried out this technique. He said that his finding of the studies on loading of lab mice knees and elbows by Ping Zhang and Hiroki Yokota was a turning point in his decision. He thought that after he broadcasted the study in a large enough numbers through his blog, the study and what it seemed to imply based on his opinion was that it would go viral. Well, it didn’t.

He took it upon himself to do the loading, to see what would happen. He got results. He claimed that he had gained around 1.5-2 inches of height, from a starting height of 5’7″-5′ 8″ to 5′ 10″ over his many years of using a C-Clamp to load his knees and other joints. Only recently there seems to be some major concern when he gave us an update on his progress “Height Increase Progress Update“) and he said that a recent visit to a doctor’s office and being measured by a nurse showed that he was 5′ 8.25”. In previous years, other nurses measured him at 5′ 9.75″ multiple times so I am not sure what to believe.

Multiple studies I found recently (or ones which I’ve found before but never went into deep into) suggest that from a theoretical point of view, based on studies done in a lab culture aka in-vitro, his claims can possibly work.

The honest truth is that Tyler has already read over all these studies at some point in the years of research he has done, and from probably looking over the abstracts, got the main point from the studies, just like what I am doing. What I am going to state in the next few paragraphs, Tyler has already said dozens of times before, but this post will be a complete outline and summary of his entire thesis, based on connecting the dots using PubMed studies. I don’t think he would disagree on any of the major points I will state below, but I do welcome in him giving his own suggestions on improving this post. It will be one of the major, seminal posts which changes the direction of the website/blog going forward.

The readers can definitely read over the studies, or even buy the entire studies but here is what I managed to take away from the abstracts and some of the studies which gave the full study.

Takeaway #1: Compression aka Loading aka Pushing down on lab-grown scaffolds (whether fibrin-polyurethane composite) with MSCs embedded inside them turns the MSCs towards the chondrocyte lineage.

Takeaway #2: Shear Compression, which is just pushing on the object you are analyzing from the sides, is another way of saying Lateral Loading. It works just as well as all other forms of compression to turn the progenitor stem cells into chondrocytes.

That is something which I would assume most amateur, somewhat knowledgeable height increase researchers agree is viable, and most likely true. Anyone who has ever read more than a dozen full length PubMed studies in trying to find the solution would understand what I am talking about.

The main concern which I will now try to resolve is this “How does induced chondrogenesis of the MSCs inside the epiphysis lead to the long bones becoming longer?”

First, we know that there is no more epiphyseal cartilage to work with. That is a given.

So, what is left? It is just the hyaline articular cartilage at the ends of the long bone.

For the person who can follow along here, the obvious next question would be “Does that mean that the articular cartilage at the ends are somehow turning into a new pseudoepiphyseal cartilage which can “grow” in a way to make the overall bone longer?”

My answer to that is “YES”.

Now, let me give you guys a little bit of background on where my main concern had been for so long. There have been many posts I’ve written looking at the validity of LSJL. They include…

Here is the basic problem I had asked of him, multiple times

The human bone is extremely hard, with material strength at the level, and even exceeding, stainless steel. The main composition found in bone which gives it such a hardness is the cortical bones, which gets the toughness from the calcium crystals embedded into the extracellular bone matrix. Those crystals are non-living, non-organic compounds in the bone.

From a diagram of a femur/tibia/humerus/long bone in the human body, at the center is a cavity. That cavity is reasonable in thickness aka width. It is so wide that the way to do internal limb lengthening surgery is to put a metal rod in the cavity. From a measurement perspective, I estimate the average Caucasian American human adult male is about 200 lbs, 5’10’-6’2″, and his femur, the largest and strongest of all the bones being able to resist compressive loading is about 4-5 cm thick or around 1.25-1.750 inches thick, (assuming that he is in his 30s and the periosteal growth has started to make his long bones wider). The intermedullary cavity is about 1-1.5 cm wide. We then consider the thickness of the trabecular bone area and maybe even add in the thickness of the periosteum, which could be just 0.25-0.5 mm at most. I have no medical studies to reference but let me guess that the thickness of the trabecular bone layer inside the metaphysis and the epiphysis of the adult male femur is about 0.5 cm thick.

Modeled out completely by drawing…..

l <—cortical bone —-> l <—–trabecular bone —-> l <— intermedullary cavity —> l same

To calculate the overall thickness of the cortical bone layer

(4 cm total thickness) – (1.25 cm of cavity thickness) – (1 cm of total trabecular bone) =

1.75 cm of cortical bone

Second Calculation: (for the large thicker area of the femur)

(5.5 cm total thickness) – (1.5 cm of cavity thickness) – (1.5 cm of total trabecular bone) –

2.5 cm of cortical bone

What does the calculation show?

That the cortical bone layer is about 1.75-2.5 cm of cortical bone thickness. Of course, this refers to a a circular shell calculation, so divide that value by half. It comes out to show that the cortical bone layer is on average from 0.875-1.25 cm thick on both sides.

What does the thickness of the bone layer tell us?

It is the exact reason why I raised so many questions to Tyler in our first Q&A email exchanges. “How does any induced chondrocytes in the head/bulb/epiphysis of the long bone manage to push against the 1.25 cm thick cortical bone layer to make the head bigger so that the overall bone becomes longer???”

The chondrocytes inside the bone will be surrounded from all 6 directions by the cortical layer, which is too strong. There is NO WAY IN HELL any group of induced chondrocytes would have the strength to push against the calcium crystal in the bone ECM!!

I never could wrap my brains around this one, main issue. That is, until I saw something today which seems to make everything I have read about make sense. I think I have finally figured out how to connect all the dots together, to explain why Tyler’s theory, this LSJL he has been talking about, could be reasonable.

We have to first look at the pictures and diagram of articular cartilage in medical textbooks and medical references. Let’s look at all the pictures and diagrams we can find on the internet on the layering of the articular cartilage, because it is not a simple, single layered tissue like so many people believe it would be.

Do you guys see it???

I looked on Google Images for the best diagrams and pictures of the exact structure and orientation of the cells inside the articular cartilage, and pasted them all in one location. What do you guys notice about the articular cartilage, which is so unique?

Answer: It is the way that the articular cartilage is also stratified into multiple layers, just like the epiphyseal cartilage layer.

First, you have the articular surface, and then the superficial tangential zone. I would guess that if we did a histological analysis on what cells or fibers are actually in the tangential zone, it would turn out that the surface has thin strand like collagen fibers or fibrils. There is probably almost no chondrocytes, but plenty of lamellar oriented collagen fibers.

Then you have the area which is called either the transitional zone or the middle zone. There is chondrocytes there, which are of small size and volume. They don’t seem to be in any type of specific orientation.

Afterwards, you have the area called the deep zone which some diagrams have called the radial zone. In this area, the chondrocytes seem to have started to start to orient themselves in columns, which is very surprising. It makes no sense in my opinion for articular cartilage to orient themselves in columns What could be the purpose of change towards column like structures as we study the articular cartilage and go down deeper through the layers?

The last three layers, going down are….

The calcified cartilage layer – If we compare the model of the articular cartilage to the epiphyseal cartilage area, this would be the layer probably which is half calcified.
The subchondral bone layer – This is the hard cortical bone
The trabecular/cancellous bone layer – This is the softer, weaker in material strength bone type.

What is most interesting, and what I have been focused on is the 4th layer, going from top to bottom, the calcified layer. I note that all the pictures I have uploaded are of the articular cartilage layer, NOT the epiphyseal layer!!

There are differences in the diagrams. Some of the diagrams suggest that either in the deep/radial zone, the chondrocytes also go through hypertrophy, or it would be in the calcified cartilage layer. However, the important thing to take away is that chondrocytes do seem to go through hypertrophy as well. This agrees/validates a previous post I had done a year ago entitled “Articular Cartilage At The End Of Epiphysis Do Growth Thicker Making Bones Longer (Big Breakthrough)“. I wrote that post after finding in a 1st year medical school curriculum anatomy & physiology textbook that the articular cartilage can go through a type of growth known as appositional growth and get thicker over time.

What seems to be agreed upon by the orthopaedics is that there is something known as a real boundary in the calcified layer, known as the tide mark. The anything below the tidemark is the beginning of the subchondral bone, which I have believed for a long time is make of cortical bone tissue and ECM structure.

The Tidemark of Articular Cartilage in the Diagrams

I had to look at the section in Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics website on articular cartilage to figure out what is this tidemark that is showing up. There is only a single sentence where they talk about it “tidemark is basophilic line which straddles the boundary between calcified and uncalcified cartilage”

(Edit: I still need to do much more research on the tidemark to edit this section.)

Here is where the good news start, based on a few implications/assumptions I have to make first….

Implications #1

Assume first that the 5-6 pictures I have uploaded above are on average, on the right scale. Sometimes, but especially in biological, medical, and astronomy textbooks, distances are not drawn to actual scale, to magnify smaller regions, relative to the much larger regions and areas. (For example, most young kids have built a replica of the Solar System before with the sun in the middle, but if they tried to build everything to the correct relative scale, Neptune, would need be 300 feet away from the sun, even if the sun was just 1 inch in diameter.) Most of the pictures show that the layer of subchondral bone, which would have the highest material strength if we tested it using a loading/tensile/compression machine, to be very thin. That means that at least on the very edge of long bones, at the ends, the cortical bone layer might not be as thick as on the sides. Notice how in most of the histological drawings the subchondral layer is always drawn to be thin, while all the other layers, are drawn to be thick in comparison.

Implication #2:

If the subchondral layer is thin enough, you can cause microfractures, like would be like small tunnels/ravines/crevices which will go along the layer. The microfractures can be induced by lateral loading, like a forceful squeeze of a large enough C-Clamp to get around the knee.

Example: Imagine squeezing a watermelon, or pumpkin from the sizes. Forget the stem in the center on the top and assume the fruit does not have a thick stem. With consistent, but intermittent pushing on the sides, the first onset and occurrence of damage to the outer strong shell, would be on either the top or bottom, if you do it correctly.

This is what be what will get around my original issue with LSJL. The top of the proximal tibial epiphysis could be thin enough, such that lateral loading would cause the layer to develop many microfractures in the form of deep crevices.

Implication #3:

If there is induced microfractures in that thin subchondral layer, some of the MSCs that would still from the bone marrow in the inner core of the epiphysis (made of yellow type adipocyte derived stem cells mostly) can possibly seep upwards, into the deep/radial layer of the articular cartilage. Tyler in his old blog has already written dozens of posts showing that lateral loading causes MSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes. All his diagrams on how one molecular ligand or gene expressed protein would stimulate and/or inhibit another was never completely mapped out, but he has more than validated the idea that lateral loading induces almost all the correct molecular mechanisms towards chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation, and hypertrophy.

Since the articular cartilage at the bottom has the columnar formation just like the epiphyseal layer, the new chondrocytes can proliferate, and hypertrophy some more, causing the articular cartilage to increase in thickness and/or deposit a slight layer on calcified chondrocyte layer. That is how you increase in height, from articular cartilage layer thickening due to a layer of chondrocyte deposition and hypertrophy.!!

If the picture/diagram of how the articular cartilage at the end of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia in the human skeleton is even remotely accurate, then the cartilage layer just deposits a thin layer of ossified cartilage at the bottom, and the layer on top stays about the same.

The process would be very slow, and the gains will be very small, but theoretically, if you inject maybe some extra chondrocytes, MSCs, or IGF-1, the original thickness of the layer stays about the tame, and you can make the tibia longer for a long time just building on the layers by depositing more layers at the bottom.

Implication #4:

The entire premise of the first part of the blog post was to show that what Yokota and Zhang had done, with the adult and mice rats, the intermittent cyclic mechanical shear compression can cause MSCs (wherever they are derived,) to become chondrogenic. That was the whole purpose of the first part.

Implication #5:

More than a year ago, I looked at how the mechanics worked for deer antlers, which fall off and regrow again. The way that deer antlers manage to grow in length is because the tip of the antlers have a storage of progenitor stem cells. When the storage at the tip of the antler is used up, the antler can no longer get any longer. Refer to the post “The Connection Between Regenerating Deer Antlers and The PTHrP, PTH And IHH pathway for Cartilage Regulation, PTHrP Seems To Be The Answer (Big Breakthrough!)“

We can almost imagine and model the tip of the deer antlers like the layer of articular cartilage, since there is a very small bit of mesenchyme that seeps into the articular cartilage from the epiphysis from lateral loading, making it larger and longer.

Implication #5:

In a critical post I had written about a month ago, I had given a theory on how the mechanism of angled LSJL technique would work. Dr. Robert Becker revealed that if you bend bones in one angle, thicker bone would deposit on the side of the bone that is being compressed. This was theorized to be due to the movement of electrons which would be popped out of the calcium crystals, which then flow through the bone, to the area, which is being compressed. The excess negative charge, from the electrons, would draw the positive cations from the bone towards them, causing the calcium crystal density in that region of the bone to increase. Refer to the post “Why LSJL Could Work And What We Have Been Doing Wrong, Thank You Nixa Zizu – Big Breakthrough!“

That post was the start of a completely new way of imagining how LSJL should be done.

Conclusion

All the research that Tyler has been doing for almost a decade now, his claims actually seem to be valid based on at least the theory out there right now. It is theoretically viable and his claims now finally make sense. I think that I have covered every aspect of how the mechanical process would work out, if it succeeds.

So how come there have been so few people who did LSJL have succeeded?

While the theory now on how LSJL could work, even for adults with not epiphyseal cartilage, finally makes sense, we still have to resolve the issue on why so few people get results. My guess right now is that we have been clamping in the wrong angle, in the wrong location, and we don’t give enough time for the synovial joints to get the MSCs inside the articular cartilage to go through hypertrophy and deposit on the bottom layer.

There is also the fact that young people in their early-mid 20s (who do have fully ossified growth plate cartilage), have probably healthier articular cartilage tissue to begin with, so the nature of the tissue is just more malleable and more responsive to any type of mechanical stimuli.

A Message from Michael/Admin: Like I said before, this will be the last in-depth post I will ever write about the Lateral Synovial Joint Loading Technique. I feel like that I have finally been able to prove using histomorphological analysis of the articular cartilage layer that the technique that Tyler has been promoting for so long does make sense theoretically. I wish to move on to other areas of research. This subject is more for him. I hope other people can leave some feedback and comments on what they think. Do they think that this post finally answers the question on the efficacy of LSJL, with an affirmation?

Traditional Chinese Medicine Shows Icariin Has High Osteogenic Properties, But What About Chondrogenic?

The compound Icariin has a sort of mythical claim made about it. I first became aware of Icariin from a poster on the website very early on. This person, who I no longer remember his name mentioned two compounds, Methylprotodiosciin and Dimethyl Icariin. I did not know what these two compounds were, but eventually got around to looking at the facts and background on the compounds. It turns out that some Turkish guy named Alkoclar had claimed that these two compounds would help people with fully closed growth plates grow taller on the old, now dead GrowTallForum.com. This claim was believed by so many people who frequented the forum, but I have never been able to figure out why so many people believed him.

Alkoclar’s claim was that he was a supplier and/or distributor of the chemical compound. It is supposed to have its originals in Traditional Chinese Medicine. (One of the few really long posts I did early in the website’s development was “Researching Methylprotodioscin From A Crazy Tip Leads To Alkoclar And Myostatin Inhibitors, I’m Turning Into A Detective (Breakthrough!)“. It shows how I managed to figure out who this Alkoclar guy was.) That seemed to have been proven correct actually, at least partially!

There is new evidence that shows that this compound does have some profound osteogenic properties. In the TCM textbook “Evidence and Rational Based Research on Chinese Drugs” by the authors By Hildebert Wagner, Gudrun Ulrich-Merzenich, on page 415, it was shown that Icariin (it is spelled with two consecutive “i”s) had been used for a long time as an osteogenic herbal plant.

What we find is that in Traditional Chinese Medicine, to help treat Chinese Women in ancient China of osteoporosis, the herbalist/pharmacist prescribed plants or oral chemical compounds which had icariin as the active ingredient. We suspect that Traditional Korean Medicine, did the same thing. The way that this compound works is that it has an inhibitory effect on the production of osteoclasts, which are the type of bone cells which eat up the ECM of the bone structure, making the overall bone mineral density (BMD) decrease.

There was a 4th compound mentioned called Cimicifuga racemosa (CR BNO 1055) which seemed to have cartilage structure beneficial effects. The study “Cimicifuga racemosa and its triterpene-saponins prevent the Metabolic Syndrome and deterioration of cartilage in the knee joint of ovariectomized rats by similar mechanisms.” seems to show that CR BNO 1055 does have inhibitory abilities on articular cartilage degeneration though.

(On a side note, East Asian women as a race/ethnic group have been shown to be the most prevalent of all groups/races to develop osteoporosis.)

There would be two other chemical compounds mentioned, Diadzein and Genistein. I remember that the Brazilian researcher Mateus (or is it Matheus??) had referenced Genistein is a possible compound to be used in his hypothetical proposal on how to regenerate growth plates. Of course, we have not heard from him in over a year. I would guess that his claims to figuring it all out never worked out.

At this point, I don’t believe it will ever be possible to find any type of oral chemical concoction to regrow growth plates. Tim and/or Joey, whoever is the admin for the website AdultHeightIncrease.Blogspot.com and who has been writing/contributing to the old website/forum The Impartial Height Increase Forum has been trying for at least 13 years to figure out some type formulation or chemical compound to help adults with mature bones to grow taller, and he still hasn’t found anything yet. I am betting that if there was a compound, it would be probably a million/billion nano-bots in a bio-degradable polymer coating which have some type of embedded chip inside which lets them swim to the local region of a body area to sent a certain type of electro-mechanical stimuli to get the bone cells to to go through transdifferentiation and/or go into a completely different type of gene expression. Of course, that will be for a post in the future. We are talking about completely science fiction medical technology at that point.

Getting back to the point…

I have never heard of Daidzen, but a quick google search brought up the study “Effects of soy phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein on breast cancer growth.” The fact that Daidzein and Genistein are both a type of phytoestrogen found from soy products is enough for me to already profile these compounds. I am just going to assume that Genistein and Diadzein are just another type of osteogenic compound which has breast cancer tumor increasing properties, and nothing more.

However, what about the icariin? Was the claim by Alkoclar right also about the chondrogenic abilities?

The study “Icariin: a potential promoting compound for cartilage tissue engineering“ suggested that there might be some potential to the icariin.

It turns that that in Traditional East Asian Medicine (based on Korea, China, and Japan) herbalists knew of a plant called Herb Epimedium (HEP). The herb is also known as Horny Goat Weed. (Refer to the WebMD article on it here) The active ingredient of the plant/herb is the Icariin.

Tyler wrote about the possibility of taking Horny Goat Weed to increase height about 2 years ago in the post “Grow Taller With Horny Goat Weed?“. He noted that the Icarrin seems to increase BMP-2 mRNA expression but accelerates bone maturity. It also had the negative effect of inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation but does increase glycoaminoglycan production like crazy.

The other effects I will quote from his words “It’s possible that Icariin promotes the induction of Sox9 itself which would make it a very promising chondroinductive supplement but even if Icariin only enhances Sox9, COL2A1, and Aggrecan it may still help increase height in existing growth plates or help induce new growth plates with LSJL”

To answer the original question, Icariin seems to indeed have chondrogenic properties. It increases Collagen Type-II, Aggrecan and gene expresses SOX-9, BMP2, and other chondrogenic growth related proteins. Other researchers have claimed also the following “Icariin could regulate the anabolism of osteoblasts through the up-regulation of BMP-4, BMP-2 and SMAD4 expression“.

Other studies we want to reference include…

Conclusion

From doing a very extensive analysis on the study “Icariin: a potential promoting compound for cartilage tissue engineering“ I would be willing to put money down to say that we should be taking a chondroprotective/chondro-enhancing stack, which should include horny goat weed. Glucosamine Sulphate, with Omega-3 and MK-7 will still be there, but Horny Goat Weed will give additional benefit of increasing the Col-II, aggrecan, and GAG levels, which will be beneficial for the cartilage extracellular matrix. It is available from Amazon here

When you make the purchase, make sure that Icariin is one of the ingredients in the supplement, if not the main ingredient.

{Tyler-Found this study on Icariin:

Icariin attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone deteriorations, hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria in mice.

“The biomarkers in serum and urine were measured, tibias were taken for the measurement on bone calcium, gene expression, histomorphology and micro-CT.

Glucocorticoid-treated facilitated to induce hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria in mice, and icariin-treated showed a greater increase in serum calcium and decrease in urine calcium. Icariin reversed DXM-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling, including an increase in bone calcium, OCN and FGF-23 and a decrease in a critical bone resorption markers CTX and TRAP-5b. H&E staining and micro-CT showed the increased disconnections and separation among growth plate and trabecular bone network as well as the reduction of trabecular bone mass of primary and secondary spongiosa throughout the proximal metaphysis of tibia in DXM group. Importantly, icariin reversed DXM-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling. Moreover, the results showed that the mRNA expression of MMP-9 and CAII{catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dyoxide} was significantly increased in DXM group compared with control group. Icariin treatment could suppress the expression of MMP-9 and CAII in the tibia of mice.

The present study demonstrated the protective effects of icariin against bone deteriorations, hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria in experimentally DIOP mice. Furthermore, these results provided further evidence to support the dual role of icariin as a bone formation enhancer and bone resorption inhibitor.”

“glucocorticoids can induce osteoblasts and osteocyte apoptosis.
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and reactive activity to an osteogenic inductor are reduced in GIOP[Glutocorticoid osteoperosis] rats”

“antiosteoporotic activity of icariin in ovariectomized rats has no obvious difference
with estrogen”<-But maybe it can act as an estrogen substitute? Performing the beneficial effects of estrogen and inhibiting the negative ones by taking estrogens place.

Unfortunately there was no Icariin only group but Icariin could potentially affect height by increasing MSC proliferation.

Why Beta-Ecdysterone aka Beta-Ecdysone Could Help Some Adults Grow Taller

Why Beta-Ecdysterone Could Help Adults Grow Taller

Note: At this point, I am not sure if the compounds Beta-Ecdysterone & Beta-Ecdysone are the same compound. I am going to assume that they are the same, until someone tells me otherwise. They are also known by the family of compounds known as the Ecdysteroids. Other names for Beta-Ecdysterone include ecdysterone or 20-hydroxyecdysone (Update April 13, 2014: It does seem that Ecdysterone has a variety of names, which includes Beta-Ecdysone. Refer to the WebMD short article on it Here)

I said before that many of the compounds I will look at and research have already been looked at by Tyler in his posts from many years ago. This particular compound which we call Beta-Ecdysterone is one of those compounds. (The older post from Height Quest is available here) However, I wanted to give my own spin on the same studies he had referenced.

The studies he had referenced before are below…

It is definitely the 2nd article which is most interesting, since it shows that the compound Beta- Ecdysone has the effect of thinkening the articular cartilage. He notes (and quotes the following)…

Ecd and E(2) [estrogen] induced a significant increase in the thickness of joint cartilage.

The whole epiphyseal growth plate and its proliferative and hypertrophic zones were also increased by Ecd {Ecdysterone stimulated the growth plate} whereas E(2) reduced their size {this was probably over the equilibrium quantity of estrogen, you need some estrogen}. The percentage of trabecular area in the metaphysis of tibia was significantly increased in Ecd and E(2) treated animals.

As for the 1st study….

The first study he referenced talks about the ability of using Beta- Ecdysone to stimulate Nitric Oxide. Tyler’s whole thesis behind the post I referenced is this: Beta- Ecdysone seems to increase NO, but NO has only the ability to make chondrocytes which are already there to go into hypertrophy. It has not been shown in any studies we’ve found yet to differentiate stem cells or make chondrocytes already there to proliferate. Like a chain of chemical reactions, if you have the catalyst to change the 3rd product into the 4th product, but you have no catalyst to get the 1st raw material to turn into the 2nd product, there is nothing to work with. (The first chemical process would be to differentiate whatever little MSCs is in the trabecular bone material into the chondrocyte lineage, which NO doesn’t do).

The comparison of Beta-Ecdysone to Estrodial

It was in the 2nd study which showed that while both compounds have osteogenic qualities, increasing the bone density of the trabecular bone, they had opposite effects on chondrocyte/cartilage. Beta- Ecdysone increased cartilage thickness while Estradiol decreased it, which is already well established.

The young Brazilian Height Increase Researcher who was trying to create a formulation which I even did a full podcast episode about kept repeating over and over again about how bad the effects of estradiol are, which I agree with completely.

What seems to be going on is that the Ecdysone is not able to bind to the estrogen receptors, which in my opinion is a very good thing! Remember that in our studies on phytoestrogens and isoflavones, I had suggested back then that the phytoestrogens, found in soy based products, was bad for height, but good for curing certain types of cancers.

The idea that it doesn’t work on humans

We are fully aware (and do read) other people who comment in on the posts. One person noted that Beta-Ecdysterone was never supposed to work on large mammals so oral ingestion of the compound would be useless. They referenced “Identification of ligands and coligands for the ecdysone-regulated gene switch.“

It seems that ecdysone can’t attach to certain ligands in mammalian bodies.

The big question is probably this – Does this compound really work on mammals/humans, specially adult humans?

Let’s refer to the study “Practical uses for ecdysteroids in mammals including humans: and update”

It is absolutely true that there is very little studies to back up the idea that the ecdysteroids would even work on mammals. From the study above I quote “Ecdysteroids are structurally quite different from mammalian steroids, and they are not expected to bind to vertebrate steroid receptors“. So it sort of suggests that ecdysteroids should not work. What is good however, is that they are non-toxic. It was used back in the Cold War decades by soviet athletes as a type of performance enhancing drug used in resistance training.

We quote the following “Ecdysteroids are apparently not endogenously generated components of mammalian systems. However, they are normal components of the diets of many animals”

So it seems that our bodies don’t naturally produce this chemical, but it is found often in plant-based foods that we consume. The only plant/vegetable which this compound is found in in large enough concentration seems to be spinach.

What is the end result?

While this compound is very safe for mammal and human oral ingestion, it seems that it does not last very long in the body. Most of the applications of this compound has been in the lab, in in-vitro cultures, to test different types of cells. The compound has never been injected into mammals, and the researchers have said that the end results are inconclusive. This compound is just very short-lived in the body. It seems to get caught by the liver, get transported by the bile duct, and is pushed out of the system through fecal matter.

Many times over it has been shown that ecdysterone is a very good candidate to be used in gene therapy, since it can turn on & off gene expressions.

This compound has so many different types of benefits in terms of cell proliferation that it is overwhelming to list all the organ systems it seems to benefit. What I will however reference is the study on how it was shown to decrease the time for fractures to heal.

Syrov VN, Matveev SB, Kurmukov AG, Islambekov US. Effect of ecdysterone and nerobol on the healing of experimental bone fractures. Medicinal’nii Zhurnal Uzbekistana. 1986a;(3):67–69.

While there seems to be no conclusive studies which shows that this compound is even supposed to be able to bind to the ligands and receptors in human body, athletes have been using the compound for at least 40 years as a performance enhancing drug, first started as a practice by nations in the Eastern Bloc.

This compound however is extremely abundant in nature. I quote the following “Ecdysteroids are probably the most abundant steroids in nature because they are produced not only by arthropods, but also by many plant species. They seem to display a wide array of pharmacological effects on vertebrates, many of which are beneficial”

The last thing I can show is a chart taken from the study referenced showing the effects of this compound on various types of lab animals, but never humans.

What is consistent is that it seems to increase protein synthesis in the liver, and makes some of the organs larger, even in the juvenile lab animals.

I am willing to conclude that this compound most likely has more than one beneficial effect to the mammalian body. The professional researchers claim that there is not enough studies to validate that this type of steroid would even work on humans, but I feel that there is enough evidence. It will work on animals.

The key is that you have to increase the dosage of taking the compound, whether orally, through intravenous injection, or intramuscular injections, by a large multiple. The compound seems to be taken up by the body very quickly.

There is only 1 rat study to show that this compound can increase the thickness of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage and increase the thickness of articular cartilage, but that does show that it has some beneficial effect.

I would suggest that to make sure that the chemical be higher in efficacy, it would be a better idea to inject the compound subintravenously locally into the bones close to the articular cartilage.

If however, people are squeamish about using the needle method, you would have to buy probably A LOT of Beta-Ecdysterone to consume orally, maybe 10-20 pills a day, and that doesn’t guarantee that it would be enough. It could be as high as 100-200 pills a day of the compound. It is however completely safe. What is nice about this compound at least is that It is a type of non-prescription supplement you can find in many online retail stores. You can get get it from Amazon here.

The best possible outcome is a few millimeters of increase, as the articular cartilage becomes thicker if you an adult. If you are a child with intact growth plates, it can be one of those magic pills that can give a statistical difference, like 1-2 cm extra in final adult height. The effect of this compound seems to be real, but it will be small.

Growth Plate Regeneration For Continued Growth After Partial Ossification Has Been Achieved By Dr. Robert Tracy Ballock

I have been keeping up with the latest developments in 3-D Printing for the last year or so, and it has gotten me interested in buying my own printer to play with. Of course my intention is to use the printers to create cartilagenous tissue to replicate the epiphyseal hyaline cartilage.

The problem is that even though I might be able to draw out the major molecular mechanism pathways like the IHH-PTHrP loop, I still can’t figure out how his team managed to get the chondrocytes to get into columnar formation, even with thyroxine.

It seems that I might be already late to the game, if this recent report made about our friend Dr. Robert Ballock (at the Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery) is true. I found this very short post made just about 1 month ago on 2/24/2014 entitled “Regrowing Growth Plates: A Fix for Kids’ Injuries? – Promising research to mend growth-stifling plate damage“. The post was written actually on the Cleveland Clinic’s website.

It makes sense that this post would have been written so recently. If it was written even a quarter ago, I would have picked up on this big news.

I copy and pasted the part which is most revelant below…

A new approach: growth plate regeneration

The good news is that researchers are exploring an exciting new way to address growth plate injuries that stifle bone growth: regenerating new growth plate tissue.

This research arises from recent advances in understanding how growth plate cartilage cells multiply, arrange themselves like stacks of coins, and mature. “These advances provide a unique opportunity to develop strategies for regenerating growth plate cartilage after serious growth plate injuries,” says R. Tracy Ballock, MD, a surgeon in Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery who is conducting research in this field under a National Institutes of Health grant.

In test tube studies, Dr. Ballock’s research team developed a 3-D cell culture model that replicates the key features of what appears to cause growth plate cartilage to develop in the column-like shape that leads to lengthening of the long bones in children.

The team used the cell culture model to study molecular and cellular signals that regulate this column-shaped growth in plate cartilage. They showed that, in the test tube, cartilage growth is promoted by stimulation of several pathways of proteins that pass signals from the outside to the inside of a cell.

.…While Dr. Ballock notes that potential studies in humans are still years away, he adds: “The ability to successfully regenerate growth plate cartilage in the same column-shaped ‘architecture’ in which it naturally develops would have a transformational impact on the practice of pediatric orthopaedic surgery. It would make it possible for the first time to replace growth plates that have been irreversibly damaged — not only by injuries but also by infection or radiation.”

We’ve been aware of Dr. Ballock’s research (The grant that the article referenced is available here) for a long time now, and we knew that he did succeed in growing a growth plate cartilage-like tissue in the lab (since he had gotten an award for it more than a decade ago), but I am still surprised that he and his lab team has been able to reach this far already.

Like most doctors, his claims always comes with some caution. It is supposed to be years away from being used on human’s, but my guess is that they have tested the regenerated growth plates on a few select young patients already to revert stunted bone development due to bone bridges.

I am choosing right now not to contact him or his department until I can get all the information I can gather so I can make smart discussions with him on his research at his level of understanding. Hopefully he is willing to talk, since Tyler has said in previous posts that he is a friend of the cause.

How To Plan and Strategize To Use Amara’s Law and Kurzweil’s Law Of Accelerating Return To Our Advantage To Cancel Out Hofstadter’s Law and Murphy’s Law Effects

Originally I had wanted to give this post a different name entirely, “Why Height Increasing Technology Is Two Decades Too Early”- This was the original working title for this post. I wanted to through some key phrases in so that the readers may be more aware of what is coming in their future.

Here is the main point of this post: I believe that what we are trying to do, we are at least 20 years too early. The technology is just not there yet. However, that doesn’t stop us from going through the current data, and studies to write a complete guide for the next generation of researchers.

Before me and Tyler, there was Hakker and Sky. They failed because they were missing crucial information. They didn’t know what they didn’t know. They weren’t even aware of what they were ignorant about. The information we are lacking, is not here yet, or at least not revealed to the general public. However, there is something good that is coming. That is accelerated change in terms of scientific breakthroughs.

These days, things are changing so fast but that could be a good thing. It might be horrible for our current career prospects since it feels like we need to do more and more these days to even hold down a steady job and get our bi-monthly deposit into our bank account. However, if we can fully accept that overall, in the long run as long as we don’t kill ourselves through destroying the earth and the ecosystem, and barring any horrible natural catastrophe, where we will be in 40-50 years will be light years better. The same thing can be said about biotech innovation and the amazing breakthroughs happening everyday in labs around the world.

The fact is that height increase technology (or more specifically, cartilage regeneration and transdifferentiation technology) is probably at least 20 years too early of where we wish it could be – My guess is that it will become possible in 3 decades before we reach the next phase in the natural progression.

What Sky and Hakker tried to do, they were too early, and got the timing of the technology wrong. That is why I plan to play this game for the long term. Instead of putting effort into this endeavor for just 1-2 years, I am planning on focusing on this effort for at least 10 years.

What we might be seeing happening across the world and in our every day lives with IT, and computers, and automatization of everything that can be digitalized, is the result of software. What has been traditionally just information can now all be derived from a software engineer who writes in computer language to create an algorithm. The same thing can not be done with biology. What is happening with computers and software is not happening with biology or genetics.

The problem with Biotech, the Biological Sciences, Chemical related, and Anything Related to Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, is because those types of sciences can not be completely fitted into just a data file on a computer. With the biological sciences you need to actually do real experiments, requiring a real lab with laboratory equipment.

Amara’s law says that one greatly overestimates what they can accomplish in 1 year and underestimates what they can do in 10 years.

Our cognitive biases which causes people to become overly optimistic makes us become bad forecasters of the future. We are almost blind to all the factors which will impeded on our progress. We forget to consider just how hard some things will take. We make a prediction on how fast something takes to be finished, we never consider unknown problems that crop up (That is Murphy’s Law).

The result is that what we thought might be simple and quick takes at least 50% longer in time to work out than we ever anticipated, even when we account for mistakes and poor judgement. That is Hofstadter’s Law.

The way nature works is not linear, but exponential. Let’s first accept the idea that for the next few years, things are just going to go very slowly, VERY SLOWLY. We are not going to see that much traction, not for a long time. I think this is what some people call the Plateau in our research. We have hit a level which we can’t cross without some major initial capital funding into the project, to get lab equipment.

When we are looking at progress in a short time frame, say 2-5 years, progress may look slow, and linear, with 10-30% increases annually. The result is that scientists and data analysts think that in the future, the trend will stay in that growth pattern, when in fact, things almost never grow linearly. It is exponentially.

That is Kurweil’s Law of Accelerating Returns. We have not reached that inflection point yet, when thing really take off. I am betting that after 10-15 years, then things really start to take off for us.

That is the time when we finally start to see some real results, when all of our hard work starts to really pay off and we see not just returns, but massive returns.

So Amara’s Law + Kurzweils’s Law of Accelerating Return will be eventually, after maybe 10-15 years, finally manage to over come all the trappings involved with Murphy’s Law and Hostadter’s Law.

This Person Increased His Height By 0.75 Inches Using Ankle Weights and Inversion Tables

Sometimes I write posts that details information which I gather from the readers and visitors to the website, through the comments or the private website email at naturalheightgrowth@gmail.com.

A regular visitor of the website sent sent us a rather long message which I will copy and paste below. They seemed to have found some success in using a combination of inversion and weights to achieve almost a full length of increase. They said that they took into account height variations throughout the day, and also any type of measuring errors.

I chose not to clip the message since I would like to keep the email information of some of the visitors private. The message below is in italics.

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Hello Michael and Tyler my name is Jake and I’m am an avid follower of your work. I constantly check up on this site and the lsjl forum.

I am a 24 year old male from the midwest and I just wanted to briefly share what helped me increase my morning height. I start my height increase regimen in dec. 2013 i started at 5’6.5 maximum morning height and 5’6 1/8 lowest night height. I began in dec. by stretching but didn’t notice any gains.

After a month of stretching i incorporated. sitting with two ten pound ankle weights on each leg a few times a day along with my stretching. My morning height increased to about 5’6 5/8 after using the weights. But My morning height didn’t increase much more than that after that.

So another. month later I bought a inversion table off of craigslist and within three weeks by March 2014 my morning height increased to 5’6 3/4. So I was stretching sitting with weights and doing inversion three times a day a lot of work. But my biggest increase was yet to come. I am really desperate to get taller so after my inversion table my height seemed to max out at 5’6 3/4 in the morning.

I decided to sit with my ankle weights a different way I decided to sit with them longer. because initially when I would sit with them I would kick them off after like 20-30minutes because they would begin to feel uncomfortable. So in mid March I started sitting with the weights as long as I could once you feel that uncomfortable feeling after like 20-30 minutes that is where it seems you want to be I now call that the growth stage.

So i probably sat with them about an hour and a half two ten pound weights on each leg when i measured myself I stoop a whopping 5’7 1/8 mid day it freakin blew my mind. So I did it again and the very next day I woke up at an astonishing 5’7 1/4. So to recap literally within one day of sitting with ankle weights into this growth stage as long as you can it feels like your body is ripping apart i think this is where the most growth comes from 5’6 3/4 Max morning height to 5’7 1/4 morning height.

So I have been doing this everyday since mid march so about a month and I maxed out at 5’7 3/8 inches in the morning. I wanted to share this with everyone because the absolute biggest factor in my growth was from sitting with the ankle weights until you feel really stretched as you dangle them over the side of the bed.

I wanted to share this because I know what its like to be short and hate your life and get down I sincerely hope that you could make a post about this and share this with others . To see if they sit with ankle weights the way I did if they would grow.

So to recap get two ten pound ankle weights a bed high enough that your legs could dangle off of freely. Then sit until what I call the growth stage for me it s like 20-30 minutes in. This is where the real stretch begins. Try to sit in this state without getting up to relieve any pressure for as long as possible. I typically just sit on my phone watching youtube videos. And its typically about an hour and a half for me until I literally can’t take it anymore and have to sit up.

I have a very accurate way of measuring my height so there was no problems with my measurements. I want to share this to get feedback and hear peoples opinions.

So please Michael if you could share this and you can email me jf you want to correspond. I want people to experience the slight growth I did and for us to all see how we could better tweak it to get even more height. Goodluck to you all. I would have shared this on the lsjl forum but it wouldn’t let me sign up for some reason. Sorry for any grammatical mistakes I had to type this quickly on my phone and with little time to slare.

Good luck to you all hope to hear how it goes…..later!

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I corrected a few grammatical and spelling mistakes, and divided up the original message for easier reading.

Here is my message to him

Jake,

You asked that we send you an email and that is what we are doing. I am thinking of writing out a post on your unique routine using ankle weights to do a short analysis on the possible physiological changes occurring in your body. Is that okay with you?

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Here is his first message to us

That is one hundred percent fine with me. I have been an avid follower of your site and tylers. I did a lot of research on growing taller prior to starting my routine. I even read through all of the old posts at Giant Scientific forum. I wanted to do anything to be taller.

I have always had self esteem issues with my height growing up. And in the winter they hit a peak and I decided you know what there are a lot stories on the internet of how people have grown one way or the other. I decided let me try a routine the worst that could happen is I don’t grow and I go on with my life.

The first month in december 2013 when I saw no height gain from stretching. Not even a millimeter was disheartening. So I went to Walmart grabbed a cheap pair of ankle weights and started sitting with the weights three times a day for about 20 minutes. And in January 2014. I started measuring in at 5’6 5/8 that gave me some encouragement . Even though it was only a millimeter that was the tallest. I had ever been. I seemed to max out with stretching and short ankle weight sessions at 5’6 5/8 so I read up on the old height increase success stories and I saw that a few people incorporated the inversion table.

I really didn’t have the money to shell out for a brand new one. Luckily I live near Chicago and just about everything is plentiful on craigslist. I would do a few minutes of inversion three times a day along with stretching and short ankle weight sessions. And within a week my morning height was up to 5’6 3/4. But for the life of me I just couldn’t seem to get past the 5’6 3/4 mark in the morning.

Hence I became really frustrated started thinking of giving up my height routine all together in march I was happy I had gained a quarter inch in the morning from my start height but to be honest I wasn’t very pleased.

So I decided in march what would happen if I sat through the pain as long as I could with ankle weights.

Typically I would kick the ankle weights off at the first sight of discomfort at the 20-30 minute mark but This time in march I sat through the pain and it could become pretty uncomfortable it feels like your getting a very hard deep stretch that kind of comes in waves of tolerability. I would try to sit through this growth state as long as possible it was probably an hour and a half to an hour and forty five minutes. I went to measure myself and I was 5’7 1/8. I mean I was ecstatic. I’M a guy that has never touched 5’7 at all to be 5’7 1/8 was just crazy I felt so tall. lol.

So I continued to stretch like this the nect day and I was up to 5’7 1/4. I mean I was jumping off the walls so happy. But for the rest of march and into April my growth was stagnant again It seems I may have topped out at 5’7 3/8 in the morning. Now this hasn’t discouraged me because its made me want to share this with others. Back in december I never really thought I would grow yet here I am 9/8 inch taller in the morning and a 5/8 inch of that came from sitting with the weights.

Basically what I want to see if others could replicate this. Because if I could easily gain 5/8 inch hopefully some others could gain more.

I want to thank you again Michael for all your hard work in this field. I think your doing an incredible job! Feel free to email me anytime. Sincerely Jake.

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Next Message to Us

And I also wanted to add I have a very precise way of measuring. I have a drop ceiling where I fixed a tape measure to be positioned over head in the ceiling. Then I grab a chair and pull the the tape measure down to my head until I find it resting firmly on my head and then I take another tape measure and measure to the point all the while I have huge closets with a mirror so I can be precise and make sure I’m looking straight and not tilting my head.

And also when I started I was becoming discouraged because I wasn’t growing ad fast as I wanted to so I told myself I’ll know I’m making progress if I ever get over 5’7 and I finally did. Its funny the extra inch. has been noticeable to others to the point they thought I had put a lift in my shoes. My brothers are both 5’7-5’8 and I’m right in their range.

And the majority of the height I’ve gained appears to be from my spine. My spine appears to be longer when looking at myself in the mirror. Its almost like my hips to belly looks longer hard to explain but a lot of the pain seems to come in the lower back region to the pelvis area. But that’s all for now.

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My Personal Suggestions & Concerns

I felt that it is appropriate to write a post to give some suggestions to Jake, and for anyone who wants to try to increase their height using a combination of ankle weights and inversion tables.

I have tried both ankle weights and inversion tables before in my life, at different times, for a variety of reasons.

Ankle Weights

When I was in Middle School I got ankle weights to practice my vertical jumping height for basketball and running speed using it as a type of resistance training, and ankle weights again in my early 20s to tone my legs. Those ankle weights stayed in a closet or a garage until I tried to wear them for a third time to do intense cardio training. I was lying down on a yoga mat and doing leg kicks and crunches as the same time.

I know for a fact that after just a few tries, I noticed that one of my knees felt like it felt a slight twinge of pain, and the leg felt slightly weak.

After the pain started, I realized that the pain was a sign that I needed to stop doing it. I have seen too many knee injuries and problems with other people to realize that knee problems is very common, and there is not many solutions to fix them. One of my grandmothers in her 70s had no articular cartilage at all in her knees, so the bones were just rubbing against each other. She had been enduring pain for years, if not decades. The result was that she had to get a complete knee replacement. I learned from an early age to be very careful with my knees.

Inversion Table

The inversion table was something I bought when I was obsessed with increasing my height, years ago. I wanted to see whether a few minutes of hanging would increase my height.

The result was that I did increase my height, by 1/4th of an inch, and that was enough for me. The gain in height seemed to have been temporary. If I measured my height immediately after getting off the inversion table, the gain is very visible, but it goes away fast, in a few minutes.

The Lower Back Pain Problem

Somewhere in Jake’s messages, he mentioned something about pain in the lower back, and that is what sort of scares me. I know for a fact that if you try to do inversion too much, the human body will start to snap apart, at the region which is the weakest. Since bones have high tensile loading, it will almost always be in the region in the intersection of bones ie. knees, hips, vertebrate discs, ankles.

It is a well known fact that 50% of All Americans will at some point experience back pain at some point in their lives. (Also, 1/3 American Men will have a diagnosis of Cancer at some point in their lives). Back pain is something I suffer with. It is something my male friends who are the same age aka college buddies I’ve known for over a decade also experience.

I am almost positive that the pain I feel in my lower back which has come and gone throughout my 20s has is origins in me trying to use the inversion table I bought when I was 23-24. The long time duration probably meant that something happened there.

At this point, I would NOT RECOMMEND using ankle weights or inversion tables for only cosmetic reasons. I repeat, DO NOT TRY TO USE THESE MACHINES just for cosmetic reasons because if they are more likely to cause some type of orthopedic problem aka pain which you will never be able to correct and reverse. If you didn’t have a problem before, using them just to become slightly taller is not worth it in my opinion. You will cause a problem where there was none before.

If however you already have a lower back problem, like the guy who created the company Teeter Hang Ups and the inversion devices and traction machines of the company and brand, then it would be a good idea. For that guy, inversion therapy had a beneficial effect alleviating his medical problem of lower back pain. However, most of us who will read this post will most likely be using to increase our heights.

The risks are just too high. What starts off a a twinge of pain in your 20s which comes & goes grows steadily up into a debilitating pain in your 40s, and leaves you crippled in your 50s. The most likely thing is that the orthopedic surgeons will remove the IVD (intervetebral disc) from the vertebrate and fuse the adjacent vertebrate bones together, so the leaking disc stop touching the nerve cords. That means that you are going to loss about 1/4-3/4 of Inch of height in your 50s through lower back spinal disc surgery. By the time you are in your 60s, you are in the bed, and other medical issues like diabetes and high blood pressure will appear since the body is immobile and forced to be in the bed all the time.

My Main Point

I would tell Jake to actually stop doing the exercises because the risks involved are just too high. What might seem like a substantial gain in one’s 20, which is 1 inch of extra height, could be the start & cause of a lot of pain, money spent in physical therapy and seeing orthopedic specialists, and agony later in life for many years, even decades. I know from personal experience, but I learned quickly.

If he already has noticed pain after stopping either of the ankle weights or inversion table, he needs to stop right now.

Disclaimer: As always, I am not a medical professional and I will never pretend to be of any type. This website is run by two guys who are amateur researchers. Everything we say, and what we recommend should be taken with complete scepticism. Use common sense and good judgement. We suggest that everyone who comes on the website understand that they are fully responsible for any problems that might develop from taking our suggestions. Me and my partner will not be held legally or financially responsible for any actions taken by the readers or any crazy, stupid mishaps which might result.

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Growth Plate Regeneration For Continued Growth After Partial Ossification Has Been Achieved By Dr. Robert Tracy Ballock

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How To Plan and Strategize To Use Amara’s Law and Kurzweil’s Law Of Accelerating Return To Our Advantage To Cancel Out Hofstadter’s Law and Murphy’s Law Effects

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This Person Increased His Height By 0.75 Inches Using Ankle Weights and Inversion Tables

This Person Increased His Height By 0.75 Inches Using Ankle Weights and Inversion Tables

My Personal Suggestions & Concerns

Ankle Weights

Inversion Table

The Lower Back Pain Problem

My Main Point