Cabozantinib

Rapid modification of the bone microenvironment following short-term treatment with Cabozantinib in vivo.

“Bone metastasis remains incurable with treatment restricted to palliative care. Cabozantinib (CBZ) is targeted against multiple receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumour pathobiology, including hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). CBZ has demonstrated clinical activity in advanced prostate cancer with resolution of lesions visible on bone scans, implicating a potential role of the bone microenvironment as a mediator of CBZ effects. We characterised the effects of short-term administration of CBZ on bone in a range of in vivo models to determine how CBZ affects bone in the absence of tumour.
Studies were performed in a variety of in vivo models including male and female BALB/c nude [mice without strong immmune systems] mice (age 6-17-weeks). Animals received CBZ (30mg/kg, 5× weekly) or sterile H2O control for 5 or 10days. Effects on bone integrity (μCT), bone cell activity (PINP, TRAP ELISA), osteoblast and osteoclast number/mm trabecular bone surface, area of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage, megakaryocyte numbers and bone marrow composition were assessed. Effects of longer-term treatment (15-day & 6-week administration) were assessed in male NOD/SCID and beige SCID mice.
CBZ treatment had significant effects on the bone microenvironment, including reduced osteoclast and increased osteoblast numbers compared to control. Trabecular bone structure was altered after 8 administrations. A significant elongation of the epiphyseal growth plate, in particular the hypertrophic chondrocyte zone, was observed in all CBZ treated animals irrespective of administration schedule{although epiphyseal growth plate elongation does not always lead to increased height}. Both male and female BALB/c nude mice had increased megakaryocyte numbers/mm(2) tissue after 10-day CBZ treatment, in addition to vascular ectasia, reduced bone marrow cellularity and extravasation{leakage} of red blood cells into the extra-vascular bone marrow. All CBZ-induced effects were transient and rapidly lost following cessation of treatment.
Short-term administration of CBZ induces rapid, reversible effects on the bone microenvironment in vivo highlighting a potential role in mediating treatment responses.”

The elongation of epiphyseal growth plate may or not be promising based on what’s causing it.  It could be a result of inhibition of endochondral ossification.  The leakage of red blood cells could also be promising.

Cbz results in bone loss but perhaps it can do so in such a way to permit neo-growth plate formation.  In the Cbz group there was much more bone marrow than control.

“CBZ induces reversible alterations to the epiphyseal growth plate by disrupting chondrocyte differentiation.”

Stimulated Growth Hormone From Acromegaly After Epiphyseal Closure Does Not Increase Height

Stimulated Growth Hormone From Acromegaly After Epiphyseal Closure Does Not Increase Height

This post will be a short one since we have already hypothesized on what would happen to a person who tries to stimulate their pituitary gland after all their growth plates have disappeared. I managed to find two people who lived in the last century which had unique cases of acromegaly. All we are trying to say is that the types of exercises some people have been promoting to increase the level of GH released into their system won’t have any effect, after the growth plates are fully closed.

The Back Story

I recently started to get into watching a little bit of the tele and noticed in one of the episodes of the new UK show Sherlock (Specifically Season 1 Episode 3) that there was an extremely tall individual that was on the show. They called the man “The Golem”. He was supposed to be some type of bohemian/czech hired killer who killed people by crushing their heads with his hands. I was curious at just how tall the actor was and found that the person is named John Lebar. The website The Tallest Man listed him at 7′ 2.6″ but most sources list him at 7′ 3″. However, what was probably more surprising was that this golem character has been played multiple times.

Side Note: What has happened is that the characters of Dracula and Sherlock Holmes has been the two characters from literature fiction which has been most depicted on TV and movies in history. If a literary figure was going to be played out so often, some of the other major characters in the anthology and myth of the central figure would also appear over and over again. For Dracula, it would be Mina, Lucy, John Harker, and Van Helsing. For Sherlock Holmes, it would be Watson, Mary, Mycroft, and Moriarty. The golem seems to be one of those characters that appear again and again in the retelling of these Sherlock Holmes stories, similarly like The Hounds of the Baskerville, The Sign of Four, The Red Headed League, and similarly popular stories.

Back to the point: The other actor’s name that appeared in the google searches when I typed in for more information about the actor playing the golem was a Rondo Hatton. When I looked at the man’s face, it was clear that he indeed had some type of pituitary overstimulation causing the features of his face to be over-pronounced. When I searched to find out about his height, again it would lead to a thread on The Tallest Man website here.

Example #1: Rondo Hatton

Rondo Hatton

From the picture above, we see that this Rondo Hatton guy does not seem to tower over his female actor, which is a good first indication that the acromegaly he suffered did not give him any extra height. What we do see is that their heads are very different in size to one another, most specifically the nose and ears. Remember that the nose and the ear are made from cartilage, fibrocartilage. It turns out that the nose & ears on a person never stops growing. Over time, the ears become larger, and most physicians believe the ears drop down from the force of gravity pulling the collagen downwards.

Besides the ears and nose, it seems that his eyebrow ridge is also very pronounced and his lips are quite large as well. We have seen the large pronounced eyebrow ridges before in other people who have suffered from excess GH, whether gigantism or acromegaly.

Example #2: Maurice Tillet aka The French Angel

Maurice Tillet

French Angel

 

The 2nd guy I found was a guy named Maurice Tillet, which was called the French Angel. His head compared to the young boy he is holding in the first picture shows that it might be possible to make one’s head wider and maybe even longer as an adult. People’s heads on average grow only slightly bigger than the skull size they had when they came out of the womb. Human heads change only slightly as they grow older. Tillet’s head is most likely a sign that acromegaly can give a person a larger head. If that is the case, we could propose the other idea that induced acromegaly can give a person some small bit of extra height, but they would have to accept that their heads might become slightly large in proportion to their bodies.

Notice from the 2nd picture how Tillet seems to be even shorter than average. His head has become extremely wide, and his face reminds me of the Russian Boxer Nikolai Valuev. It is very possible that Valueve also has a condition causing excess GH being released, but Valuev is 7 feet tall, and Tillet was probably below average in height.

The whole point of this post is this. If one is absolutely positive that there is no longer any cartilage tissue left as a band on their long bones, the stimulation of growth hormone (aka somatropin or somatatropin) would NOT help. The most likely result is that the person develops a larger head, but that growth will be most noticeable in the nose and ears. 

The cases of Rondo Hatton and Maurice Tiller are two clear cases of what happens to people who have the pituitary gland stimulated after the cartilage tissue is gone.

We note very clearly that in both of the men, the size of their noses and ears, which are cartilage tissue (but fibrocartilage), is disproportionately large compared to their heads.

We now contrast their overall adult height and maybe compare it to the Brazilian Elisany Silva who stands around 6′ 8″- 6′ 9″. Notice how her body looks so thin and ectomorphic. I personally suspect that to allow for the body to increase in height from excess GH release, it has to happen either before or during the onset of the puberty cycle. If the growth hormone increase happened during puberty, I don’t believe that even that would work to make a person taller. Increases in GH has been shown to actually accelerate growth plate senescence. If the condition happens early enough in a person’s life, then their bodies will turn tall and thin, unlike what happened with Hatton and Tillet.

{Tyler- Here’s an interesting study about Growth Hormone that connects to Acromegaly:

The effect of growth hormone on body composition.

“GH increases the amount of body cell mass and extracellular water and decreases body fat.   GH treatment has been shown to promote a redistribution of adipose tissue from the abdominal (android) to a more peripheral (gynoid) distribution. The reverse change has been demonstrated in patients with acromegaly after successful treatment. The anabolic action of GH was first demonstrated when nitrogen retention was observed after GH administration. GH seems to stimulate cell division and increase the amount of DNA in the muscle. In patients with acromegaly the overweight is partly explained by a significant increase in body cell mass and muscle volume, compared to matched controls, demonstrated by several independent methods of determining body composition. In GH-deficient patients, however, the overweight is due to an increase in adipose tissue mass and the body cell mass seems only decreased in subjects below the age of 55. The anabolic action of GH is accompanied by sodium and fluid retention, due to increased sodium pump activity{The Sodium Potassium pump may be linked to growth plate hypertrophic expansion}. In acromegalic subjects extracellular water has been shown to be increased by up to 25%. However, in GH-deficient adults the extracellular fluid volume is markedly decreased by approximately 15%. Replacement therapy with recombinant human GH in patients with GH deficiency restores the extracellular fluid volume by an initial rapid expansion of the fluid volume, followed by a slight decrease towards a new steady-state level. GH has profound effects on body composition. Although body composition is determined by many factors including age and physical activity, changes in body composition can be helpful parameters in following the effect of GH in various body compartments.”

If growth hormone’s height increase effects is linked to the sodium potassium pump and water increase that explains why acromegaly would not increase height in adults.  You would need to do something like induce chondrogenic differentiation to cause height increase in adults.  Although the study does also say that Growth Hormone may encourage differentiation of prechondrocytes into chondrocytes.  But prechondrocytes would be like those in the Zone of Ranvier and not ordinary Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Magnets for Height Growth

PEMFs(Pulsed Electric Magnetic Fields) have been implicated as having height growth potential before.

Physical Stimuli-Induced Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Magnetic Nanoparticles.

“Chondrogenic commitments of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) require 3D cellular organization. An approach is reported to drive 3D cellular organization and enhance chondrogenic commitment of bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) via magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-mediated physical stimuli. MNPs isolated from Magnetospirillum sp. AMB-1 are endocytosed by the BM-hMSCs in a highly efficient manner. MNPs-incorporated BM-hMSCs are pelleted and then subjected to static magnetic field and/or magnet-derived shear stress. Magnetic-based stimuli enhance level of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen synthesis, and facilitate the chondrogenic differentiation of BM-hMSCs. In addition, both static magnetic field and magnet-derived shear stress applied for the chondrogenic differentiation of BM-hMSCs do not show increament of hypertrophic differentiation.”

Although stimuli applied to pellet culture is a lot different than applying it to scattered stem cells throughout the human bone.

“cellular condensation is prerequisite for chondrogenic differentiation”

“Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown to offer a promising strategy to induce multicellular organizations. Forcing the cellular condensation via magnetic forces mimics the cellular condensation that takes places in vivo during limb development”<-maybe magnets can force the condensation in the limb.

“Physical stimuli were applied to MNP-incorporated cell pellets for 1 h for five consecutive days up to 3 weeks in chondrogenic differentiation medium.”

“MNPs themselves did not have any direct effect on chondrogenic differentiation, exogenously applied static magnetic field, and magnet-derived shear stress have probably induced closer cell–cell interactions and increased the nutrient perfusion within the pellets, respectively.”<-We couldn’t do anything with these MNPs anyways but the shear stress and magnet forces absolutely.

“The results of gross images demonstrated that the diameter of cell pellets increased when more than one of static magnetic field and magnet-derived shear stress was applied. However, there was no cellular proliferation regardless of MNPs and physical stimuli following the DNA content analysis.  The ECM is osmotically swollen following the chondrogenesis progression, due to cross-linked GAG, one of the major components in chondrogenic ECM. Increment in volume of cell pellets with physical stimuli would signify their sufficient chondrogenic differentiation”

“single magnet-derived shear stress had more chondrogenic differentiation effect than single static magnetic field, and static magnetic field synergized with magnet-derived shear stress was more effective than single magnet-derived shear stress in chondrogenesis. Although the physical stimuli referred to as static magnetic field and magnet-derived shear stress needed more precise optimization, it was obvious that static magnetic field synergized with magnet-derived shear stress would be the most effective biophysical stimuli on chondrogenesis”

Hong Kong Singer Hins Cheung Uses A Stretching Machine To Grow Taller

Hong Kong Singer Hins Cheung Uses A Stretching Machine To Grow Taller

Stretching Machine To Grow TallerI do frequent the forums and discussion boards on the internet where people find interesting tidbits and stories of things related to height and endeavors at height increase. Something that was sort of interesting was one story linked by someone in one of the forums which showed an article written back in 2008 about this Hong Kong Singer named Hins Cheung. I’ve never been to Hong Kong or know much about the Asian entertainment scene so this is the first time I ever even knew this guy existed.

Update: This story was first published in The New Paper on July 24, 2008.

It seems that this guy who was around 27-28 back then was using some type of body stretching machine to try to increase his height. From the article which was published on Asia One News (Read the story here). I did take the liberty to clip a picture of the article in case the article or webpage is lost.

Hins Cheung


It says that the singer was around 1.73 meters tall which would translate to around 5′ 8″ which is actually not too short based on asian standards. I am not sure but I would guess that the Chinese average male height is probably around the 5′ 7″- 5′ 9″ range.

The claim made by the singer Hins Cheung was that after using this device for maybe a year or so he has managed to gain around 3 cms of height, which is slightly more than 1 inch. Of course the article claims that he diligently uses the machine every day for 30 minutes to stretch his arms and legs. I quote the guy saying the following “Now, no matter how busy my schedule gets, I make it a point to use it every day”

The name of the product is called ‘zheng gao xie dian‘ or ‘gain height shoe shop‘.{I couldn’t find anything about this device online.  Maybe it’s a translation issue and it’s actually distraction osteogenesis?  Without seeing the device it’s hard to evaluate-Tyler}

The author suggests in the article that this Chinese singer is obsessed with height. He feels uncomfortable onstage with taller male performers. That would definitely be some sort of inferiority complex. The reasoning he gives was his mother who would compare his size to his cousins when he was young. It might have caused some type of strange body dysmorphic syndrome

What I personally find very interesting is why this guy who has so much wealth, fame, and influence still have that type of issue. My personal desire to become taller was sort of some type of mental complex used as a overcompensation ego technique that I was not as intellectually gifted as I wished to be. Of course every one of us has our own little insecurities and demons to deal with.

The author of the article shows that apparently Hins is already at the “height” (great pun) of his field. This guy was a former recording studio engineer and released his album first back in 2002. Clearly he has done extremely well with many adoring female fans.

However the article revealed that he would never feel comfortable with dating a taller female. That is quite interesting. I would suggest that maybe he has issues with his own masculinity which seems to be too much connected to his size.

The end of the article reveals that he has thought about the limb lengthening surgery and would indeed go through with it if the chance presented to him. The rational was that the Chinese market was very competitive and going under the knife was a logical step for anyone trying to look better (aka become taller)

Quoted from him…

‘In competitive China, money can buy many things. If one can afford to pay for plastic surgery to make himself look better, there is no crime in it….And I agree with this view. If there’s anything that I feel needs to be changed later down the road, I would not rule out plastic surgery….In my line, it is common and almost a form of respect that even males put on makeup.'”

Of course our question to this adult man who is considering going through surgery to improve his appearance is this. Can you handle the amount of pain involved? Can you just suspend or stall an entire singer and writing career at least 8 months of your entire life to dedicate yourself to increase only the height?

Using A Portable Folding Cot To Decompress Spinal Discs

Using A Portable Folding Cot To Decompress Spinal Discs

Folding CotRecently I had to move out of the regular apartment room I had been living in for the last year or so while there was some renovation work being done on the bathroom area. Since I had been living with my girlfriend in the very small room for cost reasons, it was not possible to stay in the apartment due to toxic odors being used. The bathroom and bedroom was in the same space. The result was the fact that I had to stay and live with her father for a while. That was quite awkward to say the least. Since he was not expecting company, he only had a type of fold up cot ready. That was what I slept on for a few days. What happened was actually very surprising. I noticed that I actually got a really good night’s sleep.

That is unusual since I actually have some sleeping problems and have a lower back pain problem. It seems that it does take me a long time to get comfortable on a mattress. I can only sleep with I am fully relaxed and comfortable. I really enjoyed the cot and wondered what was going on. When I woke up at night I noticed that I felt great, my lower back pain completely disappeared, and I actually noticed that I looked taller, at least right after waking up. Since I was in who could be my future father-in-law’s apartment, there was no way to possibly get an accurate measurement of my height. Was I really taller than my usual morning height from sleeping on this strange camping cot? I knew that most doors in most countries have a certain height and I had to get a plastic ruler to make a very close measurement of the top of my head to the top of the door, factoring in the distance of the door’s bottom to the surface of the floor. When I did that, I got a reasonably close measurement of what my height was in the morning right after waking up. Now that I have come back to the normal apartment, I did a comparison of my height from a night’s sleep in the normal bed.

I found that there was probably a full 1/4th of an inch difference between the two measurements. The difference was indeed noticeable. 1/4th of an inch is slightly more than 1/2 of an cm and that is something that can’t be attributed to just measurement error, especially since I recently shaved my hair to a thin layer very recently.

This showed that at least for my body, sleeping on different types of beds did have some type of effect. What I am guessing with the cot that I was sleeping on was that the cot was not bed downward like most models, but bent slightly upwards. That strange army cot was old looked to have been used too much many decades ago.

The upwards bent was something that I could easily feel on my mid to lower back region. It was not painful but just a strange feeling to be sleeping being bend downwards. I did not notice anything like all the blood traveling due to gravity downwards to my the top of my head but I could feel that the middle of my body was elevated higher than the others. What I would suspect is that the portable folding cot somehow over the night slowly caused my body to decompress spinal discs until the discs filled back up with cerebral spinal fluid or whatever is in the center of the intervertebral discs. I would later learn it was called the nucleus pulposus which is gelatinous in feel.

Obviously this idea of sleeping on bent up portable cots is not a final permanent solution on helping people end up taller or increasing their height but it seems to be doing quite well in increase the morning after wakeup height by a significant amount that is definitely noticeable. Obviously the increase in height is temporary but that does show that even from sleeping on the right type of unit would result in one’s height to increase slightly.

Electromagnetic Stimuli and Resonance Frequency Vibrations For Tissue Transdifferentiation

Electromagnetic Stimuli and Resonance Frequency Vibrations For Tissue Transdifferentiation

Tissue TransdifferentiationI was recently listening to this episode where a person went on the radio to talk about how the late Nikola Tesla proclaimed that most of the universe’s hidden secrets can be found if a person would approach his analysis through the lens of looking at the world from a perspective of it being electromagnetic stimuli, energy, frequencies, and vibrations. The most famous quote to this claim was “If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration” – Nikola Tesla.

When I think back to this claim, I feel that there is probably more and more evidence that the proclamation is right. I remember back during my undergraduate days studying the higher level of classical mechanics. Beyond say the introductory physics course where we are asked to solve for different variables using the ideas of forces and momentums, it is possible to be much more mathematically elegant to solve the same problems using the principle of just energy alone.

For example, the Lagrangian formulation/interpretation of solving the problems of classical mechanics can be done on the principle of finding the path for the state or motion of least action. At the core of this entirely new approach on calculating say the motion of movement of a system being studied is the Langrangian Function which is really just the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy, either from a set initial point to an end point, or a set initial time point to a end time point. The function is L=T+V. The letter T represents the total kinetic energy of the system and the letter V represents the total potential energy of the system. What you get eventually is a large 2nd order differential equation you have to simply and solve for the value you are looking for. We obviously are not going to get into the mathematics of any physics in this post, but just explain the principles using words.

In addition, here is something known as the action of the system (S), which is defined in words to be “The summation of the Langragian function over time from an initial time point to an end time point” aka calculus integral function. The goal when you are solving a system is to figure out which path or state of the system would minimize that S.

One of the main reasons why this way of calculating motions, states, and other variables of the system is that by using just the principle of energy (Kinetic plus Potential) we don’t have to worry about the transition from one cartesian coordinate system into another. Remember that the original Newtonian way to calculate forces and motion required that you use the concept of vectors, which had a standard 3 parts to it. With this way, you can calculate out a single value with a single numerical value or symbol instead of having it in 3 parts.  For more information on what the hell I am talking about Click Here.

Getting back to the Main Point…

Beyond just giving a short explanation on physics, what I am hoping to show the reader is that the principle of energy can often be used to explain away phenomena as well as be used as a tool to solve problems which might be too hard in another approach.

In the same way, we can use the idea of waves, vibrations, frequency, and vibrations to explain certain phenomena that say using the traditional approach. Remember what happened in the Double Slit Experiment. A light source was shined through some type of solid pain with two parallel slits. You are looking at the wall or the surface behind the pane and if you see interference then the phenomena that is first reaches the pane has characteristics of a wave. The ramifications of the experiment showed that wave phenomena has properties of both wave and particles. This implied that particles (at least the very small ones) have characteristics of waves as well. Since we are using principles of frequency, wavelength, etc. to describe what could be considered another area of physics, we could use intuitive reasoning to extrapolate this idea that all phenomena could be explained using a waves and vibrations view of the dynamics of the universe. If that is the case, then maybe we could use waves and vibration stimuli to solve many engineering problems as well as medical problems.

What I am overall trying to get at is that maybe the simplest way to induce a statistically impossible biological process to happen, all we need to do is figure out what is the optimum level of energy or frequency, what is the right type of energy or stimuli to use, and what location we need to use it on.

When I look back at all of the ideas I have proposed over the last two years on how we might be able to get bones to grow again, I have gone through almost every single idea. Here is a list of most the types of stimuli I have looked into.

In my most recent seminal post about using a combination of silver acupuncture needles as a form of electrode to transmit a very small intensity level of Direct Current to stimulate cartilage and the periosteum to increase their size, I had used over a dozen old studies and citations of experiments done by researchers from back in the 80s to validate the concept. The PEMF technology I described would work with around 95% confidence in over its efficacy.

That post was Electromagnetic Stimuli Will Increase Ossification and Make Bones Longer, Big Breakthrough!

Function GeneratorI had previous showed that it might be possible to induce the bones to increase the rate of endochondral ossification with something as simple as a Function Generator or even a TENS Unit which often cost less than $100.

Take a look at the older post Do We Use A TENS Electronic Pulse Massager or A Function Generator?

At this point I have no clue what could be the biomolecular reason why sending something as simple as a pulsed electrical signal at a signal could induce human tissue of all varieties to have some type of effect. If we actually think about it, it should make perfect sense. Just think about what actually makes the human brain (or any brain) work anyway. The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, a nerve cell. (Sure you have stuff like the Ganglia but that is not the point.) The whole point of the neuron is to have the dendrites on the neuron cell body to integrate (add up over the surface) all of the biochemical signal into a type of voltage potential. When all the built up potential reached in the neuron to a certain threshold, an electrical current is fired from the cell down the axon, to the tips, which are close to the dendrites of other neurons.

The same can be said for the human heart. If we remember our introductory CPR class, the whole reason for pushing in a rhythmic fashion on the chest is to get the heart to beat again, so that the heart can act as a type of biological pump to push the blood through the vessels around the entire body to feed the tissues who always need ATP. When the Paramedics (or EMT) first gets to a body of a person who is not responding and/or unconscious, they check to see if they are breathing and has a pulse. The indication of a pulse, means that the heart in the person’s body is at least doing its job of pumping the blood, nutrients, minerals, and oxygen around to sustain the cells and tissues. If the heart stops, there is no pulse.

ElectrocardiographyThe heart operates actually on a very clear rhythm of electrical signal. For the people who have ever had an ECG (Electrocardiography) done, they have probably been told that what is being measured is the electrical signal that is coming from the heart beating. If there is some type of irregularity in the heartbeats, this is known as arrhythmia. To correct for it most people get some type of internal Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. If however the person is already on the ground, most emergency rescue personnel with some type of advanced life support (ALS) or basic life support training (BLS) will use some type of portable external defibrillators to reset the rhythm of the heart beating. What we are trying to say is that at the most basic level, our most important internal organs, the brain and heart, both operate on electrical current.

In one of my most recent posts Tyler said that what I was proposing, the changing of the bone tissue into cartilage tissue would be cell transdifferentiation. I countered to point out that if we are trying to regenerate epiphyseal growth plate cartilage tissue from bone tissue, it would not be enough. Even if we could do the transdifferentiation step, we still have to figure out what to do about the other biological, molecular, organic, and nonorganic material in the extracellular matrix of the bone. We might not need to worry about some organic and biological compounds like the collagen and proteins but we do have to worry about the inorganic compounds and minerals. The most common problem would be the Calcium Hydroxyapatite crystals which is the mineral that is causing the bones to become so strong and have such a high level of compression strength.

There are two things we have to induce.

  1. Changing the terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteoclasts into chondrocytes
  2. Removing the minerals and inorganic compounds in the bone composition that causes the defining characteristic and properties of bone tissue.

However, it would probably be much easier to do the 2nd process. We have already shown in previous posts that using something as simple as Vinegar (Ascetic Acid) covering bone would be enough to chelate the hard minerals. This is known as bone decalcification. The hard part would be the first part.

How do we turn one type of cell into another?

The basic idea proposed by Dr. Robert Becker from his book (which I am still reading) shows that besides say the red blood cells which have no nucleus and the gametes which have just have the number of chromosomes, most cells in the human body does have dormant genes which are no longer turned on beyond a certain stage in prenatal development of child growth. How and why those genes are not turned on has not been figured out yet. What this suggest to some of us hopefuls is that idea that maybe using some type of stimuli, which I propose in this post to be electromagnetic or vibrational wave in nature, targeted in the right way could reactivate those genes again. If the same gene or microRNA in enough cells are activated, it might mean that we can get transdifferentiation to work and get one cell to possibility turn of the trigger causing them to become bone cells and turn on the one causing them to directly turn into cartilage cells aka chondrocytes.

I suspect that we might be able to use pulsing electrical stimuli or some type of ultrasonic high frequency, low intensity waves to stimulate the cells to go through transdifferentiation in an non-invasive approach similar to how using the MR Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery works.