Author Archives: Senior Researcher

Review For Using Deer Antler Plus, A Muscle Building Supplement Which Some Claim To Also Increase Height

From recent searching I came across another supplement which some people claim to be more than just another muscle bulking supplement, but also make people taller. The supplement is known as Deer Antler Plus from the website DeerAntlerPlus.com.

deer antler plusOn the website the only benefits this health supplement claims to be useful in is towards….

  • Strength
  • Endurance
  • Muscle Recovery
  • Muscle size and definition increase
  • Increased Immune System
  • Helps Joints

No where on the webpage does it claim to help people increase height. However some Grow Taller websites like GrowTaller3000.com makes the claim that the muscle building definition would also help make people taller. From the Grow Taller 3000 website….

Velvet antler is an herb used extensively in Chinese medicine. In fact, other than ginger, it is one the most important herbs to use in the Chinese culture. The name velvet antler has nothing to do with the fuzz on the antler. It has to do with most of the antler that is gelatinous and cartilaginous before it becomes calcified as the deer ages.

The antler will be dried and used in either powdered or pill form. It is said to cure many ailments, such as, arthritis. It is also known as a cancer preventative, as well as, an immune system enhancer and a growth agent and muscle builder. In fact, it acts in exactly the same manner as the synthetic form of HGH. The difference being that velvet antler is completely natural.

Since velvet antler stimulates both immune system and the growth and repair of muscle tissue it is also known as an anti-aging herb for both men and women, a muscle builder for athletes and as a male enhancement herb for sexual vitality.

Any further research in terms of searching google led to little except an old post from HeightQuest.com about the possibility that the extract from deer antler might be used for height increase (post “Grow taller by eating deer antlers?”) The post is long and it was hard for me to summarize Tyler’s result. The post seems to imply that the extract from Deer Antlers might have chondrogenic properties (like helping it differentiate down the chondrogenic lineage or induce chondrocyte proliferation) but it might not be the best idea to take it orally.

If I was to view the website from the point of view of an Internet Marketer, I would say that this website is designed very similar to the Elevate GH supplement/website which I had reviewed many posts back in “Review Of Elevate GF Height Increase Pill, The Other Internet Marketing Supplement”

I think I can easily end this post by saying that this product has never been intended to be sold as a grow taller supplement, although it seems to have the active ingredients of HGH which might be helpful for children who are still growing. The HGH which would make children with open growth plates taller than just through their natural growth progression would in an adult with full bone maturity help them increase physical vitality, make them feel younger, and help them gain more muscle mass back. There are enough PubMed studies which show that if you as an adult with closed growth plates take HGH into the system, you will feel younger, gain slightly higher energy, become more “cut” or defined in your muscles, and possibly also increase sexual performance and stamina.

It would seem that the only link between made between this Deer Antler Plus oral supplement with possible height increase was made by one website that is now inactive.

However as we all know this is a website devoted to the research of height increase, not muscle size increase. So I will leave this product from full judgement since that is not our job as height increase researchers.

Review Of Long Looks Height Gain Herbal Capsules

This is another product that I found from a Ayurvedic Indian Online Shop that is similar to Ebay.com called AyurvedResearchFoundation.com. It is also found from another website.

long looks height gain capsulesThe product is called “Long Looks Height Gain Capsules”

Quick Analysis:

From just a quick glance at the ingredients that are supposed to be in the pills, there is nothing that makes me believe that any of them would cause bone increase, or osteogenesis, much less chondrogenesis. It does seem to be sold towards younger people and it is said to work only on adolescents to young adults, age 25. This product would be valid if it had any type of bone increase or bone mineral density compounds but it does not from my own research.

There are things like…

  • Neem Extract Powder
  • Amla Extract Powder
  • Spirulina

From the Wikipedia articule on Spirulina,…Spirulina is a cyanobacterium that can be consumed by humans and other animals and is made primarily from two species of cyanobacteria.

Neem Extract seems to come from a tree and has been used in medicine for a long time to treat multiple types of medical conditions. If I was to take a guess, the Neem Extract seems to be used a lot towards lowering inflammation. From this other reference HERE

Neem (azadirachta indica) is a tropical tree from Indie and Southeast Asia.

Neem plant products (bark, leaf, seed) are aggressive destroyers of many different types of decay organisms.

 
The antiseptic and curative properties of Neem are legendary. Generally, diluted forms of the seed oil are recommended for topical use or oral hygiene. It can also be used on hair for treating acute dandruff. 
 
Neem seed oil is also traditionally used in India and Southeast Asia for body piercing hygiene and safety because it prevents infections. Neem, when used on the skin, acts as an instant germicidal and antibacterial. 

Neem leaf or bark tea may be drunk to support healing. It is very potent and may cause nausea.

Amla extract seems to be from a plant. From this website HERE, I take the section on Amla Extract…

Amla Berry (Amalaki) or Gooseberry, is a rich, whole food source of vitamin C that exhibits antiviral, antimicrobial properties. It is the primary rejuvenative herb used in the famous “Chyawanprash Herbal Blend” in Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine. 

When used in conjunction with medicinal mushrooms and MSM, amalaki powder is of great benefit as a vitamin C potentiator. Amalaki is also used in accelerating the healing process of tissues and decreasing inflammation. Because amalaki provides significant amounts of antioxidants, it has also been used to balance out the blood sugar.  

Amalaki has a synergistic relationship with medicinal mushrooms, and for this reason will complement herbal elixirs. Use amalaki extract in smoothies, homemade ice creams, fruit/vegetable juices, or mix with water. For external use, amalaki extract can be used in homemade lotions, body scrubs, and skin creams.

Conclusion: 

If I was to take a guess, I would say that the Long Looks Height Gain Herbal Capsules is a mixture of plant and tree extracted compounds which have anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. This might not have osteogenic or chondrogenic properties but it might improve the overall immune system of a still growing person and allow them to have less occurences of illness while they are growing up. There is evidence that every time a young child develops a serious illness when they are young, their Bone Mineral Density increases and the rate of longitudinal growth in their bones decreases slightly. If this compound was taken, it might help optimize the normal growth rate and progession in a young kids. However, there is no way that this sold product/supplement will be able to increase the growth rate in a child. It can only possibly decrease chances of minor stunted growth.

From the product description section….

long looks height gain

 

Review Of ACCU-HID Height increaser Sold By HikPik.com

SomeACCU-HIDthing that I have also been seeing a lot of recently is this product called ACCU-HID Height Increase sold on the website HikPik.com. It would appear that the product being solve is a grow taller “program” which consists of a insole, a small pamphlet and a CD. The cost on the website is 1990 Rupees which converts to around $36.50 USD on today’s money exchange conversions.

On the front page it says…

ACCUHID-500x500ACCU-HID Height increasing product is a well-known Japanese product helps you to grow height in natural ways with the usage of magneto therapy. Using our products, you will be 100% satisfied and can find the noticeable results within 90 days of regular usage. If you want to increase your height than ACCU-HID Height increaser is the best way to increase height naturally without any side-effects.

How Does ACCU-HID Height Increaser Works?

ACCU-HID Height increasing device develops the production of Hormones within the human body by naturally reactivating pituitary glands. You can wear this height increasing device or product in your feet for just 20 Minutes with shoes in the morning & evening for regular 90 days and you can find the results guaranteed. Normally, your height will grow up to 3 to 5 Inches.

ACCU-HID helps in Developing Hormones

In order to get the best results from ACCU-HID, you can stimulate the nerve points below your feet and it will help in growth of hormones within the human body resulting in growing your height. ACCU-HID is being designed by experts and professionals by computer by following newly developed scientific concepts that aim to stimulate nerve points of one’s feet. This stimulation resulted in improved growth of hormones which further leads to increasing development of the cartilaginous part of the vertebrae & the bones in the lower part of the body. Normally your growth can be stagnant due to the inactiveness of you pituitary glands. ACCU-HID, reenergize your pituitary gland.

Spinal Cord Extension

Several scientific research have proven that most of the young ones can grow few extra inches taller even after bones in the lower part of the body become ossified. It has been proven that human height can increase up to 35% after the growth in the length of the thigh bone, shin bone and other bones in the lower part of the human body; the length of the spinal cord also increases. Human body is consists of special 33 bone segments known as vertebrae. Out of these 33 vertebrae, lowest nine are constitute in immovable bones. Other 24 vertebrae are movable. Disks are located between each of these 24 vertebrae. The height is being influenced by the thickness of the disks. The total number of disks presents in the human body is twenty five and these all are accountable for your height increase.

Perfect Stretching & Exercising With ACCU-HID

There is possibility that your spinal cord can be lengthy to 2-3 inches with the regular usage of Original ACCU-HID height increasing device with appropriate stretching regular exercises. The extra growth in hormones is developed by the proper usage of Original ACCU-HID height increasing products. The bones will not only grow in height but also become thicker & stronger. Regular and appropriate stretching & exercising methods can become more result-oriented and this can result in increasing your height up to 2 inches by renewing your bones.

Direction to use ACCU-HID Height increase Device …

Wear ACCU-HID Height increase Device in your shoes for at least twenty minutes a day.
• Do regular stretching, walking, and exercise.

• For best results with ACCU-HID wear it two times in a day that is 15 Minutes in the morning and 15 minutes in evening.

• Do not overuse ACCU-HID otherwise it can cause pain in your feet. So it is strongly recommended to not to use it more than 40-50 minutes in a day. Don’t overuse it which may lead to pain in your foot. So it is advisable to use not more than 30 minutes.

Analysis & Interpretation:

The fact that this website has a product sold in the currency of rupees says that this product is created by and for people in India. Under the Contact Us tab I found the address to be 944, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, India-110005. For more contact information you go to 
Call Us: 91-9266944466
Email: info@hikpik.com

So what is the verdict? It would be easy to just say that this product is another scam being peddled to young kids in India who feel insecure about their stature and does charge a high price in relative comparison to how much the average Indian person aka GDP of the country of India. On some side places of the webpage they change the product price to be 1200 Rupees which is a lot of money.

If we wanted to do a deeper analysis on the actual product, we realize that the insole that is being sold has the exact same theory being used as the YOKO or KIMI insoles which has been reviewd by this website (at “Product Review 2 – Yoko Height Increasing Insoles”) but also other real legitimate height increase research websites on the internet like Acupuncture to Grow Taller. Tyler has concluded for a long time that these Insole based grow taller products are scams. It was tested by Sky years ago on his EasyHeight.com website where he actually bought the insole and tried it out to give it a chance. After 2-3 years of doing the Insoles, along with other techniques and methods he developed Skye did not increase in height. So at least for him, the Insoles did not help in making him grow taller.

It would seem that this product is the exact same thing sold as what was found in the 90s in Japan when the YOKO and KIMI products came out. The explanation on why these insoles would work are the same too. They talk about the fact that the bumps on the Insole will stimulate pressure points on the soles of the feet to increase pituitary gland production increase.

What the website and the product sellers also get wrong is to suggest that the product will “reactivate” the pituitary glands to secrete growth hormones again when it is well known in neurobiology that the pituitary glands never stop secreted the growth hormones, aka somatotropins. It is only that after a person reaches in age past puberty, the rate at which growth hormones are released is decreased dramatically.

The programs to make a person taller by 3-5 inches within 90 days after doing the stretching exercises and wearing the insoles for 20 minutes a day. I personally would feel a lot better if they just tried to sell the grow taller stretching guide than the Insoles since that is the section of information that will give at least a temporary increase in height.

In conclusion, this product of a insole ACCU-HID Height Increase by the website HikPik.com would not work. Is it a scam? Yes it is.


Review On MONSTER BS FORMULA Sold By Adult Height Increase Blog

Many months ago, when the website/blog was being first developed, I thought I would try to do a Product Review Series on the types of pills, supplements, or drinks that were out there selling the miracle pill to make people grow taller and increase their height.

After around the 10th product review, I got tired of writing the same type of review over and over again, trying to stay completely objective and give every single sold grow taller supplement or height increase pill a complete fair assessment. I stopped writing the series, but I have not stopped writing product reviews. It is just that I have stopped trying to organize and keep everything so neat and easy to locate.

So this is another review, this one called MONSTER BS FORMULA which is sold on the website Adultheightincrease.blogspot.com 

Update April 15, 2013: After doing a little more research it seems that HeightQuest.com has already done a review on the website AdultHeightIncrease.Blogspot.com at “Is Adult Height Increase a scam?” looking at two compounds that they have been selling at least back in Sept, 2010. It is interesting that Tyler would reference a Homeopathic formulations website Dr. Reckeweg’s formulas. He had concluded that from the blue and red pills that it might be possible that Joey might have figured out some combination that might really work. Relevant formulas would be R34 Calcossin, R46 Arthiritis Formula, and R73 Spondarthin. Joey wanted to stimulate for Collagen Type II increase.

There were supposed to be X-rays of people who took the compounds but I don’t think there was any updates for proof that the homeopathic formulations for adult height increase really worked. Of course all this was back in 2010. Who knows what has happened since then in the development and evolution of the website and all those trials.


From a first quick look at the website, it seems that the person decided to create it from the Blogspot blogging platform, unlike WordPress is free to start and open. It is colorful and I would say well designed for a blog. There is even a Discussion Board connected at Official Discussion Board for the Adult Height Increase Product. I do like the creator’s/Tim’s mission statement.

Mission Statement

A blog dedicated to development and proving of a true 100% oral adult height increase product.

I would say that the 2013 version of the website seems to be the next phase in the blog. There is a nice documentary video from the Make Me Taller boards which were uploaded to the sidebar. S&M: Short and Male – a documentary by Howard Goldberg from MMT Admin on Vimeo.

From what I can tell about the current formula Tim has created, there is 2 parts to it, the PTH-C Formulate and the Muscle Builder.

For the PTH-C Formula...

Removes some calcium from the bones by stimulating parathyroid hormone and suppressing calcitonin to keep them softer  enable them to attain a “growable state” akin to hyaline cartilage or the material of the growth plate and baby skeleton.

For the Muscle Builder…

Increases supply and utilization of oxygen to tissues through increased lung inspiration capacity and faster circulation to influence the stem cells  to create cartilages to grow the softened bones through action similar to hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Analysis & Interpretation:

Tyler said that this idea of Tim’s/Joey’s might work.  From looking at the old 2009 posts and the discussion boards, the formulations creator has been able to get quite a few to buy the compound.  Some of them claim to get interesting tingling feeling in their joints, like knees and shins. Others had other side effects.

There have been claims by a few people that they did seem to grow around 1/2-1 inches rather quickly in the next few weeks after they started taking the mixtures.

If I was to break down the science, I would say that calcium removal from the bones is a reasonably good idea. I agree that if you wanted some type of oral supplement to work in a non-invasive approach to lengthen/stretch the long bone, the first step is to make the bones sort of elastic enough to cause plastic deformation in them. The calcium hydroxyapatite crystals are what makes the human bones so strong, giving them really high compressive loading values. It is absolutely true that the Parathyroid Hormones have this way to cause the calcium in bones to be either resorbed or stripped out.

However my counter-arguement is how would a person control which areas in the body should the formulation work on? would the formulation also make the vertebrate and ribs also “softer”? It doesn’t seem to suggest just where the formulas will have their functions on, in either a local or systemic approach.

Plus, if the bones like get stripped of the calcium, the person would have a weaker bones, which would mean that they are likely to have bone partial collapse. If you can strip bones of their hardness due to calcium, the entire skeletal structure would be so weak that the person with weak bones would be crushed by the weight of their organs to a puddle of muscle and skin on the ground.

As for the 2nd part, the muscle builder, it would seem that the person would link to the scientific study “Stem cell mobilization by hyperbaric oxygen”. The argument is that with a hyperbaric chamber, which give the individual 100% oxygen, would give the stem cells much more chances to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage. The researchers wrote in the study…

THE GOAL of this investigation was to determine whether exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) would mobilize bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) in humans and animals. Pluripotent SPCs from adults exhibit properties similar to embryonic SPCs and hold promise for treatment of degenerative and inherited disorders

The study does suggest that the stem cells in the body would increase and increase the Nitric Oxide concentration byt stimulate NO production. I agree that there is a correlation between NO increase and CNP increase and possible height increase since I wrote a post a while back between the connection of CNPs and Nitric Oxide. However the study does not talk about the stem cells differentiating specifically into chondrocytes and then forming cartilage. It only says that the stem cells are increased. If I was to guess, those stem cells are more likely to differentiate into bone cells, osteocytes and osteoblasts.

The type of cartilage we are looking for, hyaline cartilage is actually avascular and is formed in non-aerobic aka anaerobic environments. This means that chondrocytes and cartilage are formed in places without oxygen. Oxygenation has always been associated with calcification and ossifcation, which I talked about in the post where I explained why the Articular cartilage don’t seem to calcify and ossify due to Chondromulin Type I and the the Sox-9 gene (post isWhy Does The Epiphyseal Cartilage Disappear But The Articular Cartilage Remain? (Breakthrough!)” This means that on a theoretical basis, at least the 2nd part of this grow taller formulation makes no sense.

In addition, when I searched further around the webpage, I was taken to another blogspot page where the Monster BS Formula is sold and marketed as a Muscle Increase Formula,

Interestingly, Tyler wrote a post also about the use of using Hyperbaric Chambers on his blog entitled “Lengthening your Body with a Hyperbaric Chamber?”. He had concluded that the HBO did not increase any of the normal markers which would indicate increased chondrocyte expression like Collagen Type II, Aggrecan, etc. However it does make the mesenchymal stem cells move around faster. It seems that there might be some increased chondrocyte increase but the increased atmospheric pressure seems to equalize out the increased expression of chondrocyte, if there is any.

Conclusion

If I was to guess at the website and say whether it is a scam or not, I would say that it is only half a scam. I would believe that the people who are trying really do hope to find a real solution. However they are not willing to put themselves in danger or harms way by being the guinea pigs to test trial out the formulations they make. I am not sure whether the people who run the website actually charge desperate height increase seekers a lot of money for the powders or pills they are supposed to take. I don’t think that the people who are trying to make formulations are deliberately trying to trick the people who buy these formulations.

So the two main problems I have with these guys is that they are not willing to try out the stuff themselves from fear of side effects and damaging their own bodies but give the stuff to other people passing off the stuff. They are also charging the desperate people for these formulations many money from it, which I believe 99% of the permutations and combinations they will try will do nothing expect maybe poison the subject’s/guinea pig’s bodies.

I would say that they are trying ideas and hoping something works. It may be for them where the formulations guys is also hoping that maybe one day they will find one that does work. They are also hoping to make money from doing all this research, instead of for nothing. Most of the people who are willing to put this much research on the endeavor of growing taller after growth plate ossification are probably hoping to also make money from it in some ways, which would include me, Tyler Sky, Hakker, and so many others. We wish to change the world, make billions of dollars if we are successful, and also find out a way to become taller and be called a genius.

As a conclusion, I have sent Timothy at the email address adultheightincrease@gmail.com a message asking whether he is willing to come on the Natural Height Growth Podcast to be interviewed about his research on making grow taller supplement formulations for so many years.

Let’s hope he will accept the invitation to talk with me. Like I always say, anonymity and privacy is something I will always protect to the podcast interviewees.

adultheightincrease email

Review On Rite Hite Tablets Growth Promoter By SBL Homeopathy Which Claims To Make Children Grow Taller

Recently I have been getting quite a few emails from people asking me to review these grow taller/height increase supplements or products that they have found on other websites, many of them are completely new and foreign to me since I have never seen the website or product before.

So I decided that I am going to spend the next dozen or so posts looking at each and every grow taller pill or grow taller supplement that I can find across the entire internet, and this could take me a long time to finish, if ever. I know how easy it is to create a website (less than 10 minutes) and put a picture up which has no inventory or real product behind it.

Interestingly, two of the most visited posts o this website are the reviews for the Gloxi Height Enhancer at “Increase Height And Grow Taller Using Gloxi Height Enhancer” and the GrowthMax Plus at “Product Review III, GrowthMax Plus”. I guess if I wanted to expand my reach and the audience of readers to this website, I should be doing more reviews on proclaimed height increase and grow taller supplements.

From the website NatureTherapy.com there is a product sold named SBL Homeopathy Rite Hite Tablets which are supposed to promote growth and make kids taller.

The description of the product in the product page is copied and pasted below…


rite hite growth promoterRite-Hite is a product of SBL’s research & development & is a combination of well proven drugs of homeopathy therapeutics for growth of children.

Rite-Hite is a combination of well proven drugs of homoeopathy for the growth of children. It helps to achieve the optimal balance of growth determining factors and thereby helps in promoting optimal growth.

Height of an individual is determined by many factors

  • Genetic
  • Hormonal balance
  • Nutritional status
  • General Health

Rite-hite helps to achieve the optimal balance of these factors & thereby helps in promoting height and growth to their full potential. 

Composition of SBL Rite Hite Tablets

Baryta Carbonica – 3x
Silicea – 6x
Calcarea Phosphorica – 3x
Natrum muriaticum – 3x 
In equal proportion Excipients q.s. to one tablets of 250mg.

Action of Individual Components
Baryta Carbonica : For children who are mentally and physically backward, don’t grow and develop, swollen abdomen, loss of memory. 

Silicea : For imperfect assimilation and consequent defective nutrition. Children who are slow in walking. 

Thuja Occidentalis : Acts on skin, blood, gastro-intestinal tract and brain. In exhaustion and emaciation. 

Calcarea Phosphorica : For anaemic children who have feeble digestion / adapted to children at puberty. 

Indications
For children who have imperfect assimilation, who do not grow and develop. For children who are anaemic having feeble digestion. Children with lack of concentration and poor memory. 

Contraindication / Side Effects
No known contraindication

Dosage of Rite Hite Tablets
One tablet daily for children below 13yrs. 
Two tablets daily for children above 13yrs.
or as directed by the physician.


Analysis & Interpretation: I have looked at the compounds Baryta Carbonica and Silicea before in posts “Increase Height And Grow Taller Using Baryta Carbonica” and “Increase Height And Grow Taller Using Silicea, Silicic Acid, And Silicon”. The Baryta Carbonica seems to be another name for Barium Carbonate. Barium is an alkaline earth metal element which can be found in rocks known as barite. Barium seems to be very chemically reactive so it is not found alone, but usually as barium sulfate. Baryta or Barita has been use by alchemists for centuries and it does not seem to be toxic. It seems that the Barium Carbonate is also known as whitherite, which are not soluble in water.

Silicea from the old post seems to be from silicic acid, which is a liquid form. There is the element of silicon in this liquid gel. It also have been usd since ancient times by alchemist in potions in believing to have healing properties.

baryta carbonica

As for the Calcarea Phosphorica, it is another name for Calcium Phosphate. Calcium Phosphate seems to be one of those components not just found in milk but also Plaster of Paris. Tyler would do a blog post on whether the Calcerea Phosphorica or Calcium Phosphate can have any chance of making people taller in Adult Height Increase with Calcium Phosphate?”. He had concluded in saying that the Calcium can both be good for bone formation in terms of bone mineral density increase but might be als obad since it could make the hyaline cartilage to hard and rigid from the calcium crystals from embedding into the cartilage matrix.

As for the last compound, Natrum muriaticum, that is really just normal table salt Sodium Chloride.

If I was to be completely scientific and logical about the ingredients in this RITE HITE tablet sold as a growth promoter to kids, I would have to say that it is only effective for very young children who suffer from severe malnutrition of the important minerals in places like India. The supplement/tablets seems to be sold to an Indian/South Asian community and the homeopathic ingredients suggest that the ingredients are taken from ayurvedic references. Barium, Silicon, Calcium, and normal table salt are the ingredients. If the child is only able to eat bread and little meat, the supplement might help the still growing child to have stronger bone density but I highly doubt that it will increase even a still growing child’s growth rate. None of the compounds have ever really been put to the test under scientific studies.

If a child had a good diet with the right amount of minerals and vitamins intakes, then this homeopathic pill that is supposed to make a child grow taller would be useless. Since so many south asian kids are still very poor with so little nutrition, this pill might be able to help them at least have stronger bones, but can also stunt their height growth and even poison them.

 

 

Would A Tibia Subjected To High Intensity Dynamic Mechanical Tensile Loading Fracture Or Elongate Through Stretching First?

Something that Tyler has often asked me to look into and try out myself through email is to ask about the idea of what if we apply just the right magnitude of tensile loading to cause the needed deformation we need to lengthen the leg.

This type of reasoning I have always had a lot of resistance against because of so many failed attempts before. Sky tried it in his group with LimbCenter.org and I am sure thousands (if not millions) of other crazy height increase seekers throughout human history have thought about and tried to put heavy weights on their legs to hopefully “stretch out” the bones.

I refer to the posts from before

From the first post, I had quoted the phrase…

The human femur is nearly twice as strong in compression as it is in tension; the ultimate strength is of the order of 12,000 lb./sq.in. in tension and 20,000 lb./ sq.in. in compression, and more or less the same relationship holds for oxen (Evans, 1957,chap.14).

From wikipedia….

It has relatively high compressive strength, of about 170 MPa (1800 kgf/cm²)[4] but poor tensile strength of 104–121 MPa and very low shear stress strength (51.6 MPa),[5] meaning it resists pushing forces well, but not pulling or torsional forces. While bone is essentially brittle, it does have a significant degree of elasticity, contributed chiefly by collagen

It is interesting to note that in multiple sources it is stated that due to the hollow nature of human bone, the overall structure of human bone is as strong as reinforced concrete for just tensile loading.

The thing to remember is that cancellous bone is 5X more ductile (malleable) than cortical bone and when surgeons decide to do the cosmetic surgery of distraction osteogenesis, they have to put a reasonably sized crack on the bone, to crack the cortical bone. The trabecular bone tissue is still left there which is not supposed to be cracked apart, which is what is being pulled apart when the screws on the external fixator are turned. I am referencing the study “Limb lengthening by callus distraction (callotasis).

Remember that even with only cancellous bone, it still takes a bit of effort to use the screw to pull just the cancellous bone tissue apart, when the callus is being formed from the body’s natural healing properties. Apparently the medical term for where the surgeon takes a hammer and chisel and hammers on the human tibia (or other long appendage bone) until the cortical bone cracks is called “proximal submetaphyseal corticotomy“. The name itself means that the cortical bone is separated or cut open and that the cut is made somewhere below the metaphysis area, which is the middle area. The abstract above states “dynamic axial loading is instituted to promote corticalization.” The statement seems to suggest that after the distraction and lengthening is done, you put a compressive load on it to stimulate cortical bone growth.

Incidently there is an article from LiveScience.com that shows that overweight men have thicker femur bones.

The thing again is that the long bone in humans is very strong, steel-like. The 100-120 MPa when converted to US units gives a strength around 15,000-17,000 psi (Pound per Square Inch) which is  about the same and in agreement with the other sources I have found.

Calculations: If we tried to estimate just how much pounds as force would be needed to reach the maximum stress/strain which would lead to breakage on the average human leg, which is about 1.4 inches thick or 4 cms thick and have a intermedullary cavity about 2 cms thick, then the overall calculated area is

pi*2^2 – pi*1^2= 3*pi = about 9.42 cm^2 and 9.42500 (cm ^ 2) = 0.0009425 m ^ 2

if we put this into the ultimate tensile strength at 120 MPa (that is a mega-pascals) we get 113,100 newtons which converts into 25,426 pounds force.

Most compact cars themselves would not even weigh over 4,000 lbs-forces. To get around 25,000 of force pulling down or up on your cortical bone is a very high amount of force. Of course we are talking about the thickness of the longest bone in our human bodies, the femur. Maybe the tibia would be smaller. However this is a very basic physics problem. Let’s go back to the original question

Can we refine the answer to the original question a little more? would the bone in our lower limb break or stretch first?

It would seem that when bones extracted from already dead animals become dryer from the lack of blood, plasma, and water running around and through them. Dryness is usually correlated with loss of elasticity. We remember that for parts of the human to have elasticity, there must be an extracellular matrix filled with material that is elastic.

For cartilage and skin tissue, that would be collagen. For our purposes, since we are talking about Hyaline cartilage, we are looking at Type II Collagen, which is secreted by chondrocytes. We read from the first source that it is collagen that seems to give the long bones their tensile strength. Collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae results in the tensile strength of bone. Collagen has a low Youngs Modulus (stress/strain) aka (F/A)/(delL/L) , good tensile strength, and poor compressive strength. Elasticity seems to mean that the strain that is produced from the stress applied over a variation of stresses, is linear. 

youngsmodulusSo to fully answer, the question, it would seem that the long bones in our body, given the fact that the collagen is what creates it’s tensile strength, suggest that if we did load the bones up to a certain point, they will elongate first, but since the bones are “elastic”, once you let go of the load, the bones will go back to their natural length again. It seems that if you wish to really stretch out the bone to lengthen the bone, you would have to put a load on it that is beyond it’s normal stress/strain curve.

Of course the bone will eventually fracture, but there might be a certain amount of tensile loading we can put on the bone, past the point of it’s elasticity, and before the load becomes so much that the bone will fracture.

So let’s outline what the result/answer will be…

  • The tensile strength from bones is from the collagen fibers in the bone, which actually make the bones “elastic”
  • The long bones will elongate before they will fracture when you put steady rate of increased loading on the bones in a tensile way.
  • However, once the load is let go, the bone will snap back to its original length like a rubber band.
  • The bones will fracture once the load is increased over a certain point. 
  • We might be able to calculate what will be the exact, most optimum load we put on the human leg, after elastic elongation, and before fracture, which can lead to real bone lengthening. 
  • The load we calculate can be very high, if we are only thinking of using a gradual, steady linear increase in load on the bone. It might be more effective to do sudden jerks on the leg.